Cape Verde

Nestled off West Africa’s coast, Cape Verde enchants with its volcanic landscapes, golden beaches, and vibrant Creole culture. This Atlantic archipelago blends African rhythms with Portuguese charm, offering world-class windsurfing, lunar-like peaks in Santo Antão, and the soulful melodies of Cesária Évora. A paradise of contrasts, it’s where desert meets ocean and tradition dances with modernity.

Country Facts

  • Official Name: Republic of Cabo Verde
  • Continent: Africa
  • Time zone(s): Cape Verde Time (CVT, UTC-1)
  • Capital City: Praia
  • Population: Approximately 561,000 (2023 estimate)
  • Official Language(s): Portuguese
  • Government Type: Unitary semi-presidential republic
  • Primary Economy Sectors: Tourism, services, agriculture, and fishing
  • Currency: Cape Verdean Escudo (CVE)
  • Voltage and Plug Type(s): 220V, Type C and Type F plugs
  • International Calling Code: +238
  • Main International Airport(s): Amílcar Cabral International Airport (SID, Sal Island) and Nelson Mandela International Airport (RAI, Praia)

Regions at a Glance

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Money Matters

Currency

The official currency of Cape Verde is the Cape Verdean Escudo (CVE). While the escudo is the primary currency, euros (EUR) are widely accepted in tourist areas, especially in hotels, resorts, and larger restaurants. However, it’s advisable to carry some local cash for smaller establishments and rural areas.

Cash & ATMs

Carrying some local cash is essential, particularly when visiting smaller islands or local markets. ATMs are available in major towns and tourist hubs like Praia, Mindelo, and Sal, but may be scarce in remote areas. Most ATMs accept international cards, but withdrawal limits (typically around 20,000–30,000 CVE per transaction) and fees (around 200–400 CVE per withdrawal) may apply. Notify your bank before traveling to avoid card blocks.

Credit & Debit Cards

Major credit and debit cards (Visa and Mastercard) are accepted in larger hotels, restaurants, and shops, but American Express is less common. Smaller businesses and local vendors often prefer cash. Some establishments may add a 3–5% surcharge for card payments, so it’s wise to confirm beforehand.

Tipping Etiquette

Tipping is appreciated but not mandatory in Cape Verde. In restaurants, rounding up the bill or leaving 5–10% is customary if service isn’t already included. For tour guides and drivers, a small tip (100–200 CVE) is a nice gesture. Hotel staff, such as porters or cleaners, may also appreciate a tip of 50–100 CVE.

Bargaining/Haggling

Bargaining is uncommon in most establishments, but you can try negotiating in local markets, especially for souvenirs or handmade goods. Keep it polite and respectful—vendors may offer small discounts but won’t expect aggressive haggling.

General Cost of Travel

Cape Verde offers a range of options, from budget-friendly to mid-range and luxury. Compared to Western Europe or the USA, costs are generally lower, but imported goods can be pricey. Budget travelers can find affordable guesthouses and local eateries, while upscale resorts and international dining will cost more. Public transport is inexpensive, but inter-island flights or ferries can add up.

Taxes

A tourist tax of 220 CVE per night (approx. €2) is often included in hotel bills. VAT (IVA) is typically 15%, but refunds for tourists are not available. Always check your bill to see if taxes are included.

Packing List

Clothing

Pack lightweight, breathable clothing to stay cool in Cape Verde’s warm climate. Opt for loose-fitting fabrics like cotton or linen. Include swimwear for beach days and water activities. A light jacket or sweater is useful for cooler evenings, especially in mountainous areas. During the wet season (August–October), bring a compact rain jacket or umbrella for sudden showers. For cultural sensitivity, pack modest attire (e.g., longer skirts or pants) if visiting religious sites.

  • T-shirts, tank tops, and breathable shirts
  • Shorts and lightweight pants
  • Swimwear and a cover-up
  • Light jacket or sweater
  • Rain jacket or umbrella (wet season)
  • Modest clothing for religious sites

Footwear

Comfortable footwear is essential for exploring Cape Verde’s diverse landscapes. Sandals are ideal for beaches, while sturdy walking shoes or hiking boots are recommended for trails in mountainous areas like Santo Antão or Fogo. Water shoes can be handy for rocky shores or water sports.

  • Comfortable sandals or flip-flops
  • Walking shoes or sneakers
  • Hiking boots (if planning to trek)
  • Water shoes

Toiletries & Medications

Due to the strong sun and occasional insects, pack high-SPF sunscreen, lip balm, and insect repellent. Bring basic first-aid supplies like band-aids and antiseptic wipes. If you’re prone to motion sickness, consider medication for boat trips between islands. Don’t forget prescription medications and a copy of your prescriptions.

  • High-SPF sunscreen (30+) and lip balm
  • Insect repellent
  • Basic first-aid kit
  • Motion sickness medication (if needed)
  • Prescription medications and copies
  • Hand sanitizer and wet wipes

Electronics

Cape Verde uses Type C and F plugs (European standard) with a voltage of 220V. Bring a universal adapter if your devices use different plugs. A power bank is useful for day trips, and a waterproof phone case can protect your device during water activities.

  • Universal adapter (Type C/F)
  • Power bank
  • Camera or smartphone for photos
  • Waterproof phone case

Documents & Money

Ensure you have all necessary travel documents, including a passport valid for at least six months. Check visa requirements before departure. Carry travel insurance details and a mix of payment methods (credit cards and some local currency, the Cape Verdean escudo).

  • Passport (valid for 6+ months)
  • Visa (if required)
  • Travel insurance details
  • Credit/debit cards
  • Local currency (CVE escudo)

Miscellaneous/Useful Items

A reusable water bottle helps stay hydrated, and a small backpack is handy for day trips. Don’t forget sun protection like a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses. A travel guide or phrasebook (Portuguese or Cape Verdean Creole) can enhance your experience.

  • Reusable water bottle
  • Small backpack or daypack
  • Wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses
  • Travel guide or phrasebook
  • Snorkel gear (if not provided by accommodations)

Practical Packing Tips

Pack light to avoid excess baggage fees and make island-hopping easier. Roll clothes to save space and prevent wrinkles. Check airline baggage restrictions before departure. If visiting during the windy season (December–April), secure lightweight items like hats and scarves.

  • Roll clothes to save space
  • Check baggage restrictions
  • Use packing cubes for organization
  • Secure loose items for windy days

Healthcare Requirements

Recommended & Required Vaccinations

Travelers to Cape Verde should ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date, including measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, varicella (chickenpox), polio, and the annual flu shot. The following vaccinations are also recommended:

  • Hepatitis A & B: Recommended for all travelers due to potential exposure through contaminated food, water, or bodily fluids.
  • Typhoid: Advised for those consuming local food and water, especially in rural areas.
  • Yellow Fever: Required if arriving from a country with risk of Yellow Fever transmission. Proof of vaccination may be requested.

Malaria & Mosquito-borne Illnesses

Malaria risk in Cape Verde is low but present, primarily on Santiago Island during the rainy season (August–November). Dengue fever is also a concern, with sporadic outbreaks. Prevention tips include:

  • Use EPA-registered insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, or IR3535.
  • Wear long-sleeved clothing and sleep under mosquito nets if staying in open-air accommodations.
  • Consider antimalarial medication if visiting high-risk areas—consult a healthcare provider.

Food & Water Safety

To avoid foodborne illnesses, follow these precautions:

  • Drink bottled or boiled water; avoid tap water and ice in drinks.
  • Eat thoroughly cooked food and avoid raw or undercooked seafood, meats, and unpasteurized dairy.
  • Wash hands frequently or use hand sanitizer, especially before eating.

Sun & Heat Protection

Cape Verde has a tropical climate with strong sun exposure year-round. Protect yourself by:

  • Applying broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+) and reapplying every 2 hours.
  • Wearing a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and lightweight, breathable clothing.
  • Staying hydrated and avoiding excessive sun exposure during peak hours (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).

Altitude Sickness

Altitude sickness is not a significant concern in Cape Verde, as most areas are at low elevation.

Local Medical Facilities

Medical facilities in Cape Verde are limited, particularly outside major cities like Praia and Mindelo. Private clinics offer better care than public hospitals, but serious conditions may require evacuation. Pharmacies are available but may not stock all medications—bring essential prescriptions.

Travel Insurance

Comprehensive travel insurance with medical evacuation coverage is strongly recommended. Ensure your policy covers emergency treatment, hospitalization, and repatriation.

Specific Local Health Risks

Other health risks include:

  • Schistosomiasis: Avoid swimming or wading in freshwater lakes or rivers, as parasitic infections can occur.
  • Seasonal Dust Storms: Harmattan winds (December–February) may cause respiratory irritation—pack masks if sensitive.

Disclaimer: This information is general guidance only. Consult a healthcare provider or travel clinic for personalized medical advice before your trip.

Visa Requirements

General Visa Policy

Cape Verde requires most visitors to obtain a visa prior to arrival, though some nationalities are eligible for visa-free entry or visas on arrival for tourism purposes. The country has implemented an e-visa system to streamline the application process for many travelers.

Specific Nationalities

  • USA: US citizens require a visa for tourism. The process can be completed online via Cape Verde’s e-visa system or obtained upon arrival at the airport.
  • Canada: Canadian citizens also need a visa, which can be obtained through the e-visa system or visa on arrival for short stays.
  • UK: UK passport holders must obtain a visa before travel, either via the e-visa system or upon arrival.
  • Schengen Area countries: Citizens of Schengen Area countries can enter Cape Verde visa-free for stays of up to 30 days. For longer stays, a visa is required.
  • Australia: Australian nationals require a visa, which can be acquired through the e-visa system or on arrival.

Passport Validity

All visitors must hold a passport valid for at least six months beyond their intended stay in Cape Verde.

Other Entry Requirements

Tourists may be asked to provide proof of onward travel, sufficient funds for their stay, and travel insurance upon entry. These requirements are not always strictly enforced but can be checked at the discretion of immigration officials.

Official Sources

Important: Visa policies can change without notice. Always verify current requirements with the official Cape Verde embassy or consulate in your country or through the official government immigration website before traveling. [Link to Official Government Visa Portal or Embassy Website]

Safety

Cape Verde is generally considered a safe destination for tourists, with low violent crime rates and a welcoming atmosphere. However, as with any travel, staying aware of your surroundings and taking basic precautions will help ensure a smooth and enjoyable trip.

  • General Safety Level: Cape Verde is relatively safe, but petty theft can occur, particularly in tourist-heavy areas. Exercise common sense, such as not flashing valuables, and avoid walking alone in poorly lit areas at night.
  • Petty Crime: Pickpocketing and bag-snatching are the most common issues, especially in crowded markets, beaches, and public transport.
    • Protect Valuables: Use a money belt or hidden pouch for passports and cash, and avoid leaving belongings unattended on beaches.
    • Scams: Be cautious of overly friendly strangers offering unsolicited help or deals—politely decline if something feels off.
  • Transportation Safety:
    • Taxis: Use licensed taxis (marked with official plates) and agree on fares before departure, as meters are rarely used.
    • Public Transport: Aluguer (shared minibuses) are affordable but can be crowded; keep an eye on belongings.
    • Driving: Roads are often poorly maintained outside urban areas. Avoid driving at night due to limited lighting and occasional livestock on roads.
  • Solo Travel Considerations: Solo travelers, including women, generally feel safe, but standard precautions apply.
    • Female Travelers: Dress modestly to respect local customs, avoid isolated areas after dark, and use trusted transportation.
    • Social Situations: Be cautious with accepting drinks from strangers and avoid sharing too much personal information.
  • Areas to Be Cautious: Some neighborhoods in Praia (e.g., Achada Santo António) have higher petty crime rates. Ask locals or hotel staff for advice on areas to avoid.
  • Night Safety: Stick to well-lit, populated areas when out at night. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption, which can make you a target for theft.
  • Natural Hazards: Cape Verde is prone to hurricanes (June–November) and occasional droughts. Monitor weather updates during hurricane season and follow local advisories.
  • Local Laws & Customs:
    • Drugs: Strict penalties for possession or trafficking; avoid any involvement.
    • Respect: Dress modestly outside tourist areas, and avoid public displays of affection to respect conservative norms.
  • Emergency Preparedness:
    • Documents: Keep digital and physical copies of your passport and travel insurance.
    • Contacts: Save local emergency numbers (e.g., 132 for police, 131 for medical emergencies).
    • Insurance: Ensure your policy covers medical evacuation, as some islands have limited healthcare facilities.

Safety conditions can change; check your government’s travel advisories for Cape Verde before departure.

Getting Around

Public Transportation

Public transportation in Cape Verde primarily consists of minibuses (aluguers) and shared taxis, which operate on set routes between towns and cities. These are affordable but can be crowded and irregular in schedule. On larger islands like Santiago and São Vicente, aluguers are a common way to get around, while smaller islands may have limited options.

  • Costs: Very cheap (around 100-200 CVE per ride).
  • Ease of use: Best for adventurous travelers comfortable with informal systems.
  • Safety: Generally safe, but keep an eye on belongings in crowded vehicles.

Taxis & Ride-Sharing

Taxis are widely available in urban areas and tourist hubs, but ride-sharing apps like Uber or Bolt are not operational. Taxis are unmetered, so negotiate fares in advance. Shared taxis (taxi coletivo) are cheaper and follow fixed routes.

  • Costs: Short rides start at 500 CVE; intercity trips can cost 1,500-3,000 CVE.
  • Ease of use: Convenient but requires fare negotiation.
  • Safety: Stick to licensed taxis; avoid unmarked vehicles.

Car Rentals

Renting a car is a great way to explore Cape Verde’s islands independently. International and local agencies operate on major islands like Sal, Boa Vista, and Santiago. Roads vary from well-paved to rough, especially in rural areas.

  • Requirements: Valid driver’s license (international permit recommended).
  • Costs: Around 3,500-6,000 CVE per day, depending on the vehicle.
  • Driving tips: Drive defensively; fuel stations can be sparse outside cities.

Domestic Flights

With islands spread across the Atlantic, domestic flights are a time-saving option. TACV Cabo Verde Airlines and Binter Cabo Verde operate regular routes between Sal, Santiago, São Vicente, and other islands.

  • Common routes: Praia (Santiago) to Sal or Mindelo (São Vicente).
  • Booking advice: Book early during peak season; flights can fill quickly.
  • Costs: One-way tickets range from 5,000-15,000 CVE.

Ferries & Boats

Ferries connect some islands, such as Santiago-Fogo and São Vicente-Santo Antão, offering a scenic alternative to flights. Schedules can be irregular, and seas may be rough in winter.

  • Costs: Around 1,500-3,500 CVE per trip.
  • Ease of use: Check schedules in advance; delays are common.
  • Safety: Opt for reputable operators and check weather conditions.

Other Local Transport

On smaller islands like Boa Vista, bicycle rentals or guided tours are popular for exploring beaches and villages. Horse-drawn carriages (kabrilet) are a charming but slow option in some rural areas.

  • Costs: Bike rentals start at 1,000 CVE per day.
  • Unique aspect: Kabrilets offer a nostalgic way to see local life.

Culture

  • Traditions & Customs: Cape Verdeans are known for their warm hospitality and strong sense of community. A key tradition is the “djunta-mon” (coming together), where neighbors collaborate on tasks like building homes or farming, reflecting the islands’ spirit of mutual aid.
  • Arts & Literature: Cape Verdean literature is deeply tied to its history of colonialism and diaspora, with renowned poets like Eugénio Tavares and Corsino Fortes exploring themes of identity and longing. Traditional crafts include intricate woven baskets and pottery, often made using age-old techniques.
  • Music & Dance: The soul of Cape Verde is its music, particularly morna—a melancholic, lyrical genre popularized by Cesária Évora. Funaná, a lively accordion-based dance music, and batuque, a percussive women-led tradition, are also central to cultural expression.
  • Food & Cuisine: The national dish, cachupa, is a slow-cooked stew of corn, beans, and fish or meat, reflecting the islands’ resourcefulness. Other staples include grilled lobster (lagosta) and pastel com diablo dentro (fried dough with spicy tuna). Meals are often communal and unhurried.
  • Languages & Dialects: Portuguese is the official language, but Cape Verdean Creole (Kriolu) is the heart language of daily life, with distinct dialects across islands like Sotavento and Barlavento.
  • Religion & Spirituality: Over 90% of Cape Verdeans are Roman Catholic, blending African and Portuguese influences. Festivals like São João mix Catholic saints’ days with vibrant drumming and dancing, showcasing syncretic traditions.
  • Festivals & Holidays: Carnival in Mindelo (February) is a riot of color and music, rivaling Brazil’s. The Gamboa Festival (May) celebrates maritime culture, while Nossa Senhora da Luz (August) honors the islands’ patron saint with processions and feasts.
  • Social Norms & Etiquette: Greetings are warm, often with handshakes or cheek kisses among friends. Tipping isn’t expected but appreciated. Bringing a small gift (like fruit or sweets) when visiting a home is customary.
  • Family & Community Structure: Extended families are tightly knit, with elders highly respected. Community events, from baptisms to football matches, are central to social life, reflecting the islands’ collective ethos.
  • Clothing & Attire: Traditional dress includes panos (handwoven fabrics) for women and straw hats for men, though modern attire is common. Beachwear is fine for the coast, but modest dress is expected in churches and villages.