A land of vibrant contrasts, India dazzles with ancient temples, bustling bazaars, and serene landscapes. From the snow-capped Himalayas to sun-kissed beaches, its diversity is unmatched. Savor aromatic spices, witness sacred rituals, and lose yourself in palaces whispering tales of maharajas. India’s chaos and charm promise an unforgettable journey for every traveler.

Datos del país

• Official Name: Republic of India
• Continent: Asia
• Time zone(s): Indian Standard Time (IST, UTC+5:30)
• Capital City: New Delhi
• Population: ~1.4 billion (2023 estimate)
• Official Language(s): Hindi, English (plus 21 other recognized regional languages)
• Government Type: Federal parliamentary democratic republic
• Primary Economy Sectors: Agriculture, manufacturing, IT & services, pharmaceuticals
• Currency: Indian Rupee (INR)
• Voltage and Plug Type(s): 230V, Type C, D, and M plugs
• International Calling Code: +91
• Main International Airport(s): Indira Gandhi International Airport (DEL, New Delhi), Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (BOM, Mumbai), Kempegowda International Airport (BLR, Bengaluru)

Las regiones en breve

Himalayan North

• Geographical Features: Towering snow-capped peaks, lush valleys, and glacial rivers, including the Himalayas and the Ganges headwaters.
• Main Cities & Attractions: Shimla, Leh, Rishikesh; attractions like the Dalai Lama’s residence in Dharamshala, the holy town of Haridwar, and trekking in Ladakh.
• Cultural & Historical Highlights: Tibetan Buddhist monasteries, ancient Hindu pilgrimage sites, and vibrant hill cultures with distinct languages and traditions.
• Economic & Lifestyle Characteristics: Tourism, agriculture (apples, tea), and spiritual retreats; slower-paced mountain life with strong ties to nature.

Indo-Gangetic Plains

• Geographical Features: Fertile alluvial plains formed by the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Yamuna rivers, with dense agricultural landscapes.
• Main Cities & Attractions: Delhi, Varanasi, Kolkata; iconic sites like the Taj Mahal (Agra), the ghats of Varanasi, and the Sundarbans mangrove forests.
• Cultural & Historical Highlights: Cradle of ancient civilizations (e.g., Indus Valley), Mughal architecture, and Hindu spiritual epicenters; diverse languages and festivals.
• Economic & Lifestyle Characteristics: India’s agricultural heartland (rice, wheat); bustling urban centers alongside rural villages; street food and handicraft hubs.

Peninsular South

• Geographical Features: Deccan Plateau, tropical coastlines (Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal), Western Ghats rainforests, and spice plantations.
• Main Cities & Attractions: Bengaluru, Chennai, Kochi; highlights include Hampi’s ruins, Kerala’s backwaters, and Goa’s beaches.
• Cultural & Historical Highlights: Dravidian temple architecture (e.g., Meenakshi Temple), classical dance forms (Bharatanatyam), and colonial-era trading ports.
• Economic & Lifestyle Characteristics: IT hubs (Bengaluru/Hyderabad), coffee and spice trade, coastal fishing; slower-paced life with emphasis on coconut-based cuisine.

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When to go?

• Climate Type: India has a diverse climate, ranging from tropical monsoon in the south to temperate and alpine in the Himalayan north.
• Average Temperatures:
  • Summer (March–June): 25°C–45°C (77°F–113°F), with extreme heat in northern plains (e.g., Rajasthan, Delhi).
  • Winter (November–February): 10°C–25°C (50°F–77°F), cooler in the north (near-freezing in mountainous regions).
  • Monsoon (June–September): High humidity with temperatures averaging 25°C–35°C (77°F–95°F).
• Rainfall & Precipitation:
  • Heavy rainfall during the southwest monsoon (June–September), especially in coastal and northeastern regions (e.g., Kerala, Meghalaya).
  • Winter rains in the southeast (Tamil Nadu) from the northeast monsoon (October–December).
  • Annual rainfall varies from 100 mm in Rajasthan to over 11,000 mm in Meghalaya.
• Seasonal Variations:
  • Pre-Monsoon (April–June): Hot and dry, with occasional dust storms in the north.
  • Monsoon (June–September): Lush greenery but high humidity and flooding risks.
  • Post-Monsoon (October–November): Pleasant weather, ideal for travel.
  • Winter (December–February): Cool and dry, best for exploring most regions.
• Regional Climate Differences:
  • Coastal Areas: Hot and humid year-round (e.g., Mumbai, Goa).
  • Northern Plains: Extreme summers, cold winters (e.g., Delhi, Punjab).
  • Himalayan Region: Alpine climate with snowfall in winter (e.g., Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh).
  • Desert: Arid with scorching summers (e.g., Rajasthan).
• Humidity Levels: High in coastal and eastern regions (70%–90%), moderate to low in central and northwestern India.
• Sunshine Hours: Abundant sunshine year-round, except during monsoon months with overcast skies.
• Natural Disasters/Weather Risks:
  • Monsoon floods, particularly in Bihar, Assam, and Kerala.
  • Cyclones along the eastern and western coasts (May–June, October–November).
  • Droughts in arid regions like Rajasthan and parts of Maharashtra.
  • Landslides in Himalayan states during heavy rains.
• Best Time to Visit:
  • Most of India: October–March (cool, dry weather).
  • Himalayas: May–September (summer) for trekking; December–February for snow.
  • South India: November–February (avoid monsoon heat).
• What to Pack:
  • Summer: Light cotton clothes, sunscreen, hat, and sunglasses.
  • Monsoon: Waterproof gear, quick-dry clothing, and insect repellent.
  • Winter: Layered clothing, jackets (woolen for northern regions).
  • Mountains: Thermal wear, sturdy boots, and windproof layers.

Cuestiones de dinero

Moneda

The official currency of India is the Indian Rupee (INR). While some tourist areas, high-end hotels, or international chains may accept USD or EUR, it is not widespread. Always carry local currency for smaller establishments, markets, and rural areas.

Efectivo y cajeros automáticos

Cash is king in India, especially in smaller towns and markets. ATMs are widely available in cities and tourist hubs, but reliability varies. Rural areas may have limited access.

• Withdrawal limits typically range from INR 10,000 to 50,000 per transaction.
• International cards may incur fees (around INR 200–300 per withdrawal).
• Notify your bank before traveling to avoid card blocks.

Tarjetas de crédito y débito

Major cards like Visa and Mastercard are accepted in hotels, upscale restaurants, and larger shops. American Express is less common. Smaller vendors and street markets often prefer cash.

• Some establishments add a 2–3% surcharge for card payments.
• Carry a backup card in case of technical issues.

Etiqueta de las propinas

Tipping is appreciated but not always expected. Here’s a quick guide:

• Restaurants: 5–10% if no service charge is added.
• Tour guides/drivers: INR 200–500 per day, depending on service.
• Hotel staff: INR 50–100 for porters or housekeeping.
• Taxis: Round up the fare or add 10% for exceptional service.

Regateo

Bargaining is common in local markets, street vendors, and autorickshaws. Fixed-price stores (e.g., malls) do not negotiate. Polite haggling can save you 20–50% off initial quotes.

Coste general del viaje

India is budget-friendly compared to Western Europe or the USA. Costs vary by region and comfort level:

• Budget: Hostels/guesthouses (INR 500–1,500/night), street food (INR 50–200/meal).
• Mid-range: Hotels (INR 2,500–7,000/night), restaurant meals (INR 300–800/meal).
• Luxury: High-end hotels (INR 10,000+/night), fine dining (INR 1,500+/meal).

Impuestos

A Goods and Services Tax (GST) of 5–28% applies to most purchases. Some hotels charge an additional tourist tax. VAT refunds for tourists are not available in India.

Lista de embalaje

Ropa

India’s diverse climate and cultural norms require thoughtful packing. Lightweight, breathable fabrics like cotton or linen are ideal for summers and coastal regions, while layered clothing works best for winters and mountainous areas. For religious sites, opt for modest attire—shoulders and knees should be covered. Women may consider carrying a scarf for temples or rural areas.

• Summer (March–June): Light cotton clothes, wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and a lightweight scarf for sun protection.
• Monsoon (June–September): Quick-dry clothing, waterproof jacket, umbrella, and moisture-wicking socks.
• Winter (November–February): Layered clothing, warm jacket (woolen for northern regions), and thermal wear for Himalayan areas.
• Swimwear: Pack swimwear for beach destinations like Goa, but avoid wearing it outside resort areas.

Calzado

Comfortable and versatile footwear is essential for India’s varied terrain. Closed-toe shoes are recommended for cities to protect against dust and uneven surfaces, while sandals are suitable for warmer regions.

• Walking Shoes: Sturdy, breathable shoes for city exploration and temple visits.
• Hiking Boots: Essential for trekking in the Himalayas or Western Ghats.
• Sandals: Lightweight and easy to remove (required at religious sites).
• Waterproof Shoes: Useful during monsoons or beach visits.

Artículos de tocador y medicamentos

Pack travel-sized toiletries, as some items may be hard to find outside major cities. India’s tropical climate and street food culture call for extra health precautions.

• Essentials: Toothbrush, toothpaste, biodegradable soap, and hand sanitizer.
• Insect Repellent: High-DEET formula for monsoon and rural areas.
• First-Aid Kit: Band-aids, antiseptic cream, anti-diarrheal medication, and rehydration salts.
• Prescription Medications: Carry enough for your trip, along with a doctor’s note.
• Sunscreen: High SPF (50+) for intense sun exposure.

Electrónica

India uses 230V voltage with Type C, D, and M plugs. A universal adapter is recommended. Power outages are common in rural areas, so a power bank is useful.

• Universal Adapter: Compatible with Indian sockets.
• Power Bank: For long days of sightseeing.
• Camera: With extra memory cards for capturing vibrant landscapes.
• Portable Fan: Handy for summer travel.

Documentos y dinero

Keep important documents secure and accessible. ATMs are widely available, but cash is king in rural areas.

• Passport & Visa: Ensure validity and keep photocopies.
• Travel Insurance: With coverage for medical emergencies and theft.
• Credit Cards/Debit Cards: Notify your bank of travel plans.
• Local Currency (INR): Small denominations for tips and markets.

Artículos varios/útiles

A few extra items can make your trip smoother and more enjoyable.

• Reusable Water Bottle: With a filter to avoid single-use plastic.
• Small Backpack: For day trips and carrying essentials.
• Travel Guide/Phrasebook: Hindi or regional phrases can be helpful.
• Sun Protection: Sunglasses, hat, and UV-protective clothing.
• Earplugs/Eye Mask: For noisy or bright environments.

Consejos prácticos para hacer la maleta

India’s chaotic charm is best enjoyed with minimal baggage. Here’s how to pack smart:

• Pack Light: Laundry services are affordable and widely available.
• Roll Clothes: Saves space and reduces wrinkles.
• Check Baggage Restrictions: Domestic flights often have strict weight limits.
• Ziplock Bags: For organizing and protecting items from humidity.

Requisitos sanitarios

Vacunas recomendadas y obligatorias

Before traveling to India, ensure routine vaccinations (e.g., MMR, Tetanus-Diphtheria-Pertussis, Polio) are up-to-date. Additionally, consider the following:

• Hepatitis A & Typhoid: Recommended due to potential exposure through contaminated food or water.
• Hepatitis B: Advised for travelers who may have medical procedures, tattoos, or unprotected intimate contact.
• Japanese Encephalitis: Recommended for rural travelers, especially during monsoon season.
• Rabies: Consider if spending extended time in remote areas or with animals.
• Yellow Fever: Required only if arriving from a Yellow Fever-endemic country.

Paludismo y enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos

Malaria is a risk in many parts of India, particularly in rural and forested areas. Dengue and Chikungunya are also prevalent, especially during monsoon season (June–September).

• Use EPA-registered insect repellent (DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus).
• Wear long-sleeved clothing and sleep under mosquito nets in high-risk areas.
• Consult a doctor about antimalarial medication if visiting endemic regions.

Seguridad del agua y los alimentos

To avoid foodborne illnesses like traveler’s diarrhea:

• Drink only bottled or purified water; avoid ice in drinks.
• Eat well-cooked, hot meals and avoid raw or street food unless from a trusted source.
• Peel fruits yourself and avoid salads washed with tap water.

Protección contra el sol y el calor

India’s climate can be extremely hot, especially in summer (April–June).

• Use broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+) and reapply frequently.
• Lleve sombrero, gafas de sol y ropa ligera y transpirable.
• Stay hydrated and avoid excessive sun exposure during peak hours (10 AM–4 PM).

Mal de altura

High-altitude regions like Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, and parts of Uttarakhand may pose a risk of altitude sickness. Ascend gradually, stay hydrated, and consider consulting a doctor about preventive medication.

Centros médicos locales

Major cities (e.g., Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore) have well-equipped private hospitals, but rural areas may lack advanced care. Pharmacies are widely available, but carry essential medications and prescriptions.

Seguro de viaje

Comprehensive travel insurance covering medical emergencies, evacuation, and pre-existing conditions is strongly recommended.

Riesgos sanitarios locales específicos

Air pollution in cities like Delhi can aggravate respiratory conditions. Seasonal flooding during monsoons may increase waterborne disease risks. Exercise caution with stray animals due to rabies.

Disclaimer: This information is general guidance. Consult a healthcare provider or travel clinic for personalized medical advice before your trip.

Requisitos de visado

Política general de visados

Most visitors to India require a visa prior to arrival, though eligible travelers from certain countries can apply for an e-Visa or obtain a visa on arrival. India does not offer visa-free entry for most nationalities, except for a few neighboring countries under specific agreements.

Nacionalidades específicas

• USA: A visa is required for tourism. Travelers can apply for an e-Visa online, which allows stays of up to 60 days (with double-entry for tourism). The process is straightforward and typically processed within a few days.
• Canada: A visa is required for tourism. Canadians must apply for an e-Visa or a traditional visa through an Indian embassy/consulate. The e-Visa permits stays of up to 60 days.
• UK: A visa is required for tourism. British citizens can apply for an e-Visa, valid for stays of up to 60 days (with double-entry for tourism).
• Schengen Area countries: A visa is required for tourism. Most Schengen nationals can apply for an e-Visa, permitting stays of up to 60 days (with double-entry for tourism).
• Australia: A visa is required for tourism. Australians can apply for an e-Visa, allowing stays of up to 60 days (with double-entry for tourism).

Validez del pasaporte

Travelers must ensure their passport is valid for at least six months beyond their intended stay in India. Some airlines may enforce this strictly before boarding.

Otros requisitos de acceso

• Proof of onward travel (return or onward ticket) may be requested at immigration.
• Proof of sufficient funds for the duration of stay is occasionally checked.
• Travel insurance is not mandatory but highly recommended.

Fuentes oficiales

Always verify current visa requirements with the official embassy or consulate of India in your country of residence, or an official government immigration website, well in advance of travel, as policies can change. [Link to Official Government Visa Portal or Embassy Website]

Seguridad

• General Safety Level: India is a vibrant and diverse destination with generally welcoming locals, but travelers should remain vigilant. While violent crime against tourists is rare, petty crime and scams can occur, especially in crowded areas. Exercise common sense and cultural awareness to ensure a smooth trip.

• Petty Crime: Pickpocketing and bag-snatching are common in tourist hubs like Delhi, Mumbai, and Jaipur.
  • Protect valuables: Use anti-theft bags, avoid flashing expensive items, and keep wallets/phones secure in crowded markets or public transport.
  • Scams: Be wary of overly friendly strangers, “tourist pricing,” or fake guides at major attractions. Always agree on taxi fares in advance or use ride-hailing apps.

• Transportation Safety:
  • Taxis & autos: Pre-book through reputable apps (Ola, Uber) or insist on metered fares. Avoid unmarked vehicles.
  • Public transport: Trains are generally safe, but keep belongings close. Women may prefer women-only compartments on metros or buses.
  • Driving: Road conditions and traffic can be chaotic. Hiring a local driver is often safer than self-driving.

• Solo Travel Considerations:
  • Female travelers: Dress modestly to blend in, avoid isolated areas at night, and use women-only accommodations or transport where available. Ignore unwanted attention firmly but politely.
  • General: Share itineraries with trusted contacts, avoid sharing too much personal info with strangers, and opt for well-reviewed accommodations.

• Areas to Be Cautious: Exercise extra caution in crowded markets, train stations, and less touristy neighborhoods after dark. Some border regions (e.g., parts of Jammu & Kashmir, Northeast states) may have security advisories—check current updates.

• Night Safety: Stick to well-lit, busy areas after dark. Avoid walking alone, especially in unfamiliar neighborhoods. Use trusted transport options and inform your hotel of plans.

• Natural Hazards: India experiences monsoons (June–September), which can cause flooding, and occasional earthquakes in northern regions. Stay updated on weather forecasts and follow local advisories during extreme weather.

• Local Laws & Customs to Respect:
  • Dress modestly: Especially at religious sites—cover shoulders and knees.
  • Photography: Avoid taking pictures of military installations or sensitive areas without permission.
  • Drugs: Strict penalties for possession or use. Avoid any involvement.

• Emergency Preparedness:
  • Documents: Carry photocopies of your passport/visa separately from originals. Save digital backups.
  • Contacts: Note local emergency numbers (112 for general emergencies, 100 for police) and your embassy’s details.
  • Insurance: Ensure your policy covers medical emergencies and theft.

• Disclaimer: Safety conditions can change; check your government’s travel advisories for India before departure.

Cómo desplazarse

Transporte público

India boasts an extensive public transportation network, with trains and buses being the most common options for intercity and intracity travel. The Indian Railways is one of the largest rail networks globally, offering affordable and scenic journeys. Metro systems are available in major cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, and Chennai, providing a fast and efficient way to navigate urban areas.

• Trains: Book tickets in advance via IRCTC (Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation) or apps like RailYatri. Classes range from budget-friendly Sleeper to luxurious AC First.
• Buses: State-run and private operators like KSRTC and MSRTC offer comfortable long-distance buses. City buses are cheap but often crowded.
• Metro: Delhi Metro is the most extensive; purchase tokens or smart cards for convenience.

Taxis y viajes compartidos

Taxis and ride-sharing apps are widely available in urban areas. Auto-rickshaws (tuk-tuks) are a quintessential and affordable way to get around cities, though fares should be negotiated upfront.

• Apps: Ola and Uber are popular for cabs and auto-rickshaws. Prices are competitive, and cashless payments are accepted.
• Safety: Share ride details with someone and avoid unmarked taxis, especially at night.
• Costs: Auto-rickshaws start at around ₹30-50 for short distances; cabs cost ₹100-150 per km.

alquiler de coches

Renting a car is an option for those comfortable with India’s chaotic traffic. Self-drive rentals are less common, but chauffeur-driven cars are widely available.

• Requirements: An International Driving Permit (IDP) is required for foreigners. Driving is on the left.
• Road Conditions: Highways are improving, but city roads can be congested. Avoid night driving in rural areas.
• Costs: Chauffeur-driven cars cost ₹10-15 per km, with daily rates around ₹2,000-3,000.

Vuelos nacionales

India has a robust domestic flight network, ideal for covering long distances quickly. Budget airlines make air travel affordable.

• Airlines: IndiGo, SpiceJet, Air India, and Vistara are major carriers.
• Routes: Popular routes include Delhi-Mumbai, Bangalore-Chennai, and Delhi-Goa.
• Booking: Book early for discounts. Use apps like MakeMyTrip or Cleartrip for deals.

Ferries & Boats

Ferries are essential for island destinations like the Andaman and Nicobar Islands or river travel in Kerala and West Bengal.

• Andaman Islands: Government and private ferries connect Port Blair to Havelock and Neil Islands.
• Kerala: Houseboats in Alleppey offer scenic backwater cruises, costing ₹8,000-15,000 per night.

Other Notable Local Transport

India’s unique transport options add to its charm but require some know-how.

• Cycle Rickshaws: Common in smaller towns; negotiate fares before riding.
• Bike Rentals: Available in tourist hubs like Goa and Rajasthan; helmets are mandatory.
• Long-Distance Buses: Volvo and sleeper buses are comfortable for overnight journeys.

Cultura

• Traditions & Customs: India’s culture thrives on rituals like the daily lighting of lamps (diya) in Hindu households, symbolizing the triumph of light over darkness. The custom of removing shoes before entering homes or temples reflects respect for sacred spaces. Greetings often involve a namaste—palms pressed together with a slight bow—a gesture of humility and acknowledgment.
• Arts & Literature: India boasts ancient epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana, which shape moral and artistic narratives. Traditional crafts like Madhubani painting (Bihar) or Pattachitra (Odisha) tell stories through vibrant colors. Contemporary authors like Arundhati Roy and Salman Rushdie blend India’s complexities into global literature.
• Music & Dance: Classical forms like Hindustani (North) and Carnatic (South) music emphasize improvisation and ragas. Bharatanatyam (Tamil Nadu) and Kathak (Uttar Pradesh) are iconic dances, blending spirituality with intricate footwork. Bollywood music and dance fuse traditional and modern styles, dominating popular culture.
• Food & Cuisine: Regional diversity defines Indian food—from spicy Chettinad curries (Tamil Nadu) to creamy butter chicken (Punjab). Staples like rice, lentils, and spices (turmeric, cardamom) vary by locality. Eating with hands (right hand only) is common, emphasizing tactile connection to food.
• Languages & Dialects: Hindi and English are official languages, but 22 scheduled languages like Bengali, Tamil, and Marathi dominate states. Dialects such as Bhojpuri or Konkani reflect local identities. Street signs often appear in multiple scripts, from Devanagari to Arabic-influenced Urdu.
• Religion & Spirituality: Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity, and Buddhism coexist, shaping festivals, architecture, and daily life. The Ganges River is sacred to Hindus, while Sikhs worship at golden-domed gurdwaras. Yoga and meditation, rooted in ancient traditions, are practiced globally.
• Festivals & Holidays: Diwali (Festival of Lights), Holi (Color Festival), and Eid are celebrated with fervor. Kumbh Mela, the world’s largest religious gathering, draws millions to bathe in holy rivers. Regional festivals like Pongal (Tamil harvest festival) or Bihu (Assamese New Year) highlight agrarian roots.
• Social Norms & Etiquette: Elders are addressed with honorifics like “ji” (e.g., Gandhiji). Public displays of affection are frowned upon, but same-gender hand-holding is platonic. Tipping (10%) is expected in restaurants, while gifts (sweets, flowers) are offered with both hands.
• Family & Community Structure: Joint families, where multiple generations live together, remain common in rural areas. Arranged marriages are still prevalent, though urban youth increasingly opt for love marriages. Community events like weddings or temple fairs strengthen social bonds.
• Clothing & Attire: Sarees (women) and dhotis/kurtas (men) are traditional, with regional variations like the vibrant Bandhani of Rajasthan. Turbans signify pride among Sikh men. Modest clothing is expected at religious sites, while cities embrace global fashion trends.