{"id":86112,"date":"2024-10-06T18:35:57","date_gmt":"2024-10-06T23:35:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/zone\/southern-chile\/"},"modified":"2025-06-09T19:51:58","modified_gmt":"2025-06-10T00:51:58","slug":"southern-chile","status":"publish","type":"zone","link":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/zona\/southern-chile\/","title":{"rendered":"Sur de Chile"},"template":"","continent":[12282],"country":[520],"destination_type":[],"seasonality":[12354,12355,12334,12390,12356,12348,12349,12350,12340,12341,12352,12358],"class_list":["post-86112","zone","type-zone","status-publish","hentry","continent-south-america","country-chile","seasonality-01-jan-excellent","seasonality-02-feb-excellent","seasonality-03-mar-fair","seasonality-04-apr-poor","seasonality-05-may-poor","seasonality-06-jun-poor","seasonality-07-jul-poor","seasonality-08-aug-poor","seasonality-09-sep-fair","seasonality-10-oct-fair","seasonality-11-nov-excellent","seasonality-12-dec-excellent"],"acf":{"zone_overview":"<p>Southern Chile is a land of untamed beauty, where emerald fjords carve through snow-capped peaks and ancient forests whisper tales of Patagonia. From the otherworldly landscapes of Torres del Paine to the charming wooden churches of Chilo\u00e9, this region captivates adventurers and culture seekers alike. Here, nature reigns supreme, offering glaciers, hot springs, and endless horizons begging to be explored.<\/p>","zone_when_to_visit":"<h3>Seasonal Breakdown<\/h3>\n<p>Southern Chile experiences a temperate oceanic climate, with distinct seasons that influence travel conditions. The region is known for its dramatic landscapes, including fjords, forests, and glaciers, which vary in accessibility and appeal depending on the time of year.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Summer (December - February)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Weather:<\/strong> Warmest months, with temperatures ranging from 10\u00b0C to 20\u00b0C (50\u00b0F to 68\u00b0F). Days are long, with up to 17 hours of daylight. Rainfall is moderate but less frequent than other seasons.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pros:<\/strong> Ideal for outdoor activities like hiking, kayaking, and wildlife spotting. National parks are fully accessible. <strong>Cons:<\/strong> Peak tourist season; higher prices and crowded attractions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Events:<\/strong> Fiesta de la Candelaria (February) in Chilo\u00e9 celebrates local culture with music and dance.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Autumn (March - May)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Weather:<\/strong> Cooler, with temperatures dropping to 5\u00b0C to 15\u00b0C (41\u00b0F to 59\u00b0F). Rainfall increases, especially in May. Foliage turns vibrant shades of red and orange.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pros:<\/strong> Fewer crowds and lower prices. Stunning autumn scenery. <strong>Cons:<\/strong> Some outdoor activities may be limited due to weather.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Events:<\/strong> Grape harvest festivals in smaller towns, offering local wine tastings.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Winter (June - August)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Weather:<\/strong> Coldest months, with temperatures between -5\u00b0C and 5\u00b0C (23\u00b0F to 41\u00b0F). Snow is common in higher elevations, while coastal areas remain damp and chilly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pros:<\/strong> Skiing and snowboarding in resorts like Corralco. Unique winter landscapes. <strong>Cons:<\/strong> Some roads and parks may close due to snow.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Events:<\/strong> Winter solstice celebrations in indigenous Mapuche communities.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Spring (September - November)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Weather:<\/strong> Temperatures rise to 8\u00b0C to 16\u00b0C (46\u00b0F to 61\u00b0F). Rainfall is frequent, but sunshine increases toward November. Wildflowers bloom across the region.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pros:<\/strong> Mild weather for hiking and wildlife watching. Fewer tourists. <strong>Cons:<\/strong> Unpredictable rain showers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Events:<\/strong> Whale-watching season begins in September, particularly around Chilo\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Overall Recommendation<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Best for outdoor enthusiasts:<\/strong> December to February offers the warmest and driest conditions. <strong>For budget travelers:<\/strong> March to May or September to November provide lower prices and fewer crowds. <strong>Winter sports lovers:<\/strong> June to August is ideal for skiing.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Considerations<\/h3>\n<p>Peak season (December-February) sees higher accommodation costs and limited availability. Shoulder seasons (autumn and spring) offer a balance of good weather and affordability. Winter travel requires preparation for cold and potential road closures.<\/p>","zone_facts":"<ul>\n    <li><b>Geographical Location:<\/b> Southernmost region of Chile, stretching from the B\u00edo B\u00edo River to Cape Horn, encompassing Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego.<\/li>\n    <li><b>Main City\/Town:<\/b> Punta Arenas (largest urban center and gateway to Antarctic expeditions).<\/li>\n    <li><b>Approximate Area:<\/b> ~160,000 sq km (varies by definition of \"Southern Chile\").<\/li>\n    <li><b>Key Geographical Features:<\/b> Andes Mountains, Torres del Paine National Park, fjords (e.g., Seno \u00daltima Esperanza), Cape Horn, Southern Ice Field.<\/li>\n    <li><b>Dominant Climate Type:<\/b> Cool temperate oceanic (west) to subpolar (south); strong winds and unpredictable weather.<\/li>\n    <li><b>Population:<\/b> ~1 million (sparsely populated, concentrated in cities like Punta Arenas and Puerto Montt).<\/li>\n    <li><b>Main Economic Activities:<\/b> Tourism (adventure, ecotourism), sheep farming, fishing, aquaculture (salmon), oil extraction (Magallanes).<\/li>\n    <li><b>Common Languages\/Dialects Spoken:<\/b> Spanish (Chilean variant); some Mapudungun in northern parts.<\/li>\n    <li><b>Best Time to Visit:<\/b> November\u2013March (summer months for milder weather and trekking; December\u2013February peak for Patagonia).<\/li>\n    <li><b>Unique Selling Points:<\/b> \n        <ul>\n            <li>Pristine wilderness: Glaciers, fjords, and Torres del Paine\u2019s iconic granite towers.<\/li>\n            <li>Gateway to Antarctica and unique wildlife (penguins, guanacos, condors).<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n    <\/li>\n<\/ul>","zone_what_to_pack":"<h3>What to Pack for Southern Chile<\/h3>\n\n<p>Southern Chile's rugged landscapes, unpredictable weather, and outdoor-focused activities demand thoughtful packing. Here\u2019s what you shouldn\u2019t leave behind:<\/p>\n\n<h3>Weatherproof Gear<\/h3>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Waterproof Jacket & Pants:<\/strong> Essential for Patagonia\u2019s sudden rain, wind, and sleet\u2014even in summer.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Insulated Layers (Fleece\/Down):<\/strong> Temperatures drop sharply, especially at night or in Torres del Paine.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Quick-Dry Clothing:<\/strong> Humidity and rain mean cotton won\u2019t cut it; opt for merino wool or synthetic fabrics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Footwear & Terrain Essentials<\/h3>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Sturdy Hiking Boots:<\/strong> Waterproof, ankle-supporting boots for rocky trails and muddy paths.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Microspikes or Trekking Poles:<\/strong> For glacier hikes or slippery terrain (e.g., Perito Moreno excursions).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Gaiters:<\/strong> Keep debris and water out of boots during windy coastal or forest hikes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Specialized Accessories<\/h3>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Buff or Balaclava:<\/strong> Wind protection is non-negotiable\u2014especially in Punta Arenas or Tierra del Fuego.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>UV-Blocking Sunglasses:<\/strong> Glacial glare and strong southern sun demand high-quality lenses.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Power Bank:<\/strong> Remote areas have limited outlets; keep cameras\/phones charged for epic landscapes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Local Considerations<\/h3>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Chilean Pesos (Cash):<\/strong> Small towns and rural areas often don\u2019t accept cards.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Reusable Water Bottle:<\/strong> Tap water is safe, and refill stations are common in eco-lodges.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Spanish Phrasebook:<\/strong> English is less spoken here than in Santiago.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","zone_culture":"<html>\n<h3>A Tapestry of Isolation and Resilience<\/h3>\n<p>Southern Chile, stretching from the B\u00edo B\u00edo River to the wild fjords of Patagonia, is a region shaped by isolation, harsh climates, and a blend of Indigenous and immigrant cultures. Unlike central Chile, its identity is deeply tied to the <strong>Mapuche<\/strong> people, German settlers, and the rugged landscapes that dictate daily life. The culture here is slower, more communal, and fiercely proud of its distinct traditions.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Indigenous Roots and Mapuche Influence<\/h3>\n<p>The <strong>Mapuche<\/strong>, Chile's largest Indigenous group, have resisted assimilation for centuries, and their influence is palpable in Southern Chile. Traditional <strong>rucas<\/strong> (thatched-roof homes) dot the countryside, and <strong>machi<\/strong> (spiritual healers) still perform ceremonies using <strong>canelo<\/strong> leaves and sacred drums. The Mapuche language, <strong>Mapudungun<\/strong>, is taught in some schools, and festivals like <strong>We Tripantu<\/strong> (winter solstice) celebrate the New Year with ancestral rituals.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Visit <strong>Temuco<\/strong> or <strong>Villarrica<\/strong> to explore Mapuche craft markets, where silver jewelry and woven textiles tell stories of the land.<\/li>\n<li>Respect sacred sites like <strong>Ruka Kim\u00fcn<\/strong> near Puc\u00f3n, where elders share oral histories.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>German Heritage in the Lakes District<\/h3>\n<p>The 19th-century influx of German immigrants left an indelible mark, particularly around <strong>Puerto Varas<\/strong> and <strong>Frutillar<\/strong>. Half-timbered houses, <strong>kuchen<\/strong> (fruit cakes), and Oktoberfest celebrations contrast with the surrounding volcanoes. The <strong>Casa del Arte Diego Rivera<\/strong> in Frutillar showcases this blend, hosting classical music festivals in a lakeside setting.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Try <strong>curanto al hoyo<\/strong>, a Chilote-German fusion dish of smoked seafood and meats, traditionally cooked underground.<\/li>\n<li>Listen for <strong>Chilote Spanish<\/strong>, a dialect peppered with German loanwords like \"kuchen\" instead of \"pastel.\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Chilo\u00e9: Myth and Maritime Life<\/h3>\n<p>The <strong>Chilo\u00e9 Archipelago<\/strong> is a world apart, where wooden churches (UNESCO-listed) and legends of ghost ships (<strong>El Caleuche<\/strong>) thrive. The <strong>minga<\/strong>, a communal work tradition, sees neighbors help move entire houses by boat. Cuisine revolves around potatoes (Chilo\u00e9 has over 400 varieties) and <strong>curanto<\/strong>, a feast cooked with hot stones.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Time your visit for the <strong>Festival Costumbrista Chilote<\/strong> in February, where folk dances and potato-based dishes take center stage.<\/li>\n<li>Explore the <strong>palafitos<\/strong> (stilt houses) of Castro, painted in bright hues to withstand the damp climate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Patagonian Frontier Spirit<\/h3>\n<p>Further south, the culture shifts to a frontier ethos. <strong>Gauchos<\/strong> (cowboys) in Ays\u00e9n herd cattle across vast estancias, while Puerto Natales serves as a gateway to Torres del Paine, attracting adventurers. The <strong>lastorias<\/strong> (shearing sheds) and <strong>asados<\/strong> (barbecues) reflect a lifestyle tied to the land. Welsh traces linger in place names like <strong>Puerto Williams<\/strong>, the world's southernmost town.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Attend a <strong>fiesta criolla<\/strong> in Coyhaique for rodeos and folk music under the Andes.<\/li>\n<li>Sample <strong>cordero al palo<\/strong>, Patagonian lamb slow-roasted over an open fire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/html>","zone_getting_there":"<h3>By Air<\/h3>\n<p>The primary gateway to <strong>Southern Chile<\/strong> is <strong>Arturo Merino Ben\u00edtez International Airport (SCL)<\/strong> in Santiago, Chile's capital. From there, travelers can connect to regional airports:<\/p>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>La Araucan\u00eda International Airport (ZCO)<\/strong> in Temuco, serving the northern part of Southern Chile.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>El Tepual International Airport (PMC)<\/strong> in Puerto Montt, a hub for the Lake District and Patagonia.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Carlos Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez del Campo International Airport (PUQ)<\/strong> in Punta Arenas, the main airport for Patagonia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>From these airports, you can rent a car, take a taxi, or use local bus services to reach your final destination. Domestic flights are frequent but book in advance during peak seasons (December\u2013February).<\/p>\n\n<h3>By Bus\/Coach<\/h3>\n<p>Long-distance buses are a cost-effective way to reach Southern Chile from Santiago or other major cities. Key operators include <strong>Turbus<\/strong> and <strong>Pullman Bus<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n  <li>From Santiago to Puerto Montt: ~12\u201314 hours.<\/li>\n  <li>From Santiago to Punta Arenas: ~36+ hours (with stops).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Buses are comfortable, often with reclining seats, but overnight trips are common. Book tickets in advance, especially in summer.<\/p>\n\n<h3>By Car (Driving)<\/h3>\n<p>The <strong>Pan-American Highway (Ruta 5)<\/strong> runs south from Santiago through Temuco and Puerto Montt. Beyond Puerto Montt, the highway ends, and routes become more remote.<\/p>\n<ul>\n  <li>For Patagonia, the <strong>Carretera Austral (Route 7)<\/strong> is a scenic but challenging route\u20144x4 recommended in some sections.<\/li>\n  <li>Ferries are required to cross fjords or reach islands like Chilo\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fuel stations are sparse in remote areas; plan accordingly. Winter driving (May\u2013September) may require snow chains.<\/p>\n\n<h3>By Train<\/h3>\n<p>Train services in Southern Chile are limited. The <strong>TerraSur<\/strong> line runs from Santiago to Chill\u00e1n, but beyond that, buses or flights are necessary.<\/p>","zone_getting_around":"<h3>Local Buses and Public Transport<\/h3>\n<p>Southern Chile's public transport relies heavily on local buses, known as <strong>micros<\/strong> or <strong>colectivos<\/strong>, which connect towns and cities within the region. These buses are affordable and frequent, especially in urban areas like Puerto Montt and Punta Arenas.<\/p>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Tickets:<\/strong> Pay in cash directly to the driver; fares vary by distance but are generally under 1,000 CLP (~$1 USD).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Routes:<\/strong> Buses often link key hubs like bus terminals, markets, and tourist attractions, but schedules can be informal\u2014ask locals for help.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Tip:<\/strong> For longer routes (e.g., Puerto Natales to Torres del Paine), book intercity buses in advance via companies like Bus-Sur or Buses Fern\u00e1ndez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Taxis and Ride-Sharing<\/h3>\n<p>Taxis are widely available in cities, though ride-sharing apps like Uber operate only in larger hubs (e.g., Puerto Montt). In remote areas, taxis may be the only option.<\/p>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Cost:<\/strong> Meters are rare; negotiate fares upfront (e.g., 5,000\u201310,000 CLP for short trips).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Local Apps:<\/strong> Use <strong>Cabify<\/strong> or local taxi cooperatives for reliability.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Tip:<\/strong> In Patagonia, shared taxis (<strong>taxi colectivos<\/strong>) follow fixed routes at lower costs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Walking and Cycling<\/h3>\n<p>Small towns like Frutillar or Chilo\u00e9 Island are highly walkable, with scenic waterfronts and compact centers. Cycling is growing in popularity, especially around lakes and national parks.<\/p>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Bike Rentals:<\/strong> Available in tourist hubs (3,000\u201310,000 CLP\/hour); ask for helmets and locks.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Paths:<\/strong> Dedicated lanes are rare, but gravel roads (e.g., Carretera Austral) attract adventurous cyclists.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Weather is unpredictable\u2014pack layers and rain gear.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Ferries and Water Transport<\/h3>\n<p>Ferries are essential for exploring Southern Chile's archipelagos, including Chilo\u00e9 and the fjords near Puerto Natales.<\/p>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Routes:<\/strong> Naviera Austral and Transmarchilay run car\/passenger ferries (e.g., Puerto Montt\u2013Chilo\u00e9; 5,000\u201320,000 CLP\/person).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Booking:<\/strong> Buy tickets at ports or online; arrive early for vehicle space.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Smaller <strong>lanchas<\/strong> (boats) serve remote islands\u2014cash only.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Car and Scooter Rentals<\/h3>\n<p>Renting a car is ideal for the <strong>Carretera Austral<\/strong> or Patagonia's remote parks, but conditions can be rugged.<\/p>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Agencies:<\/strong> Major brands (e.g., Europcar) operate in airports; local rentals may offer better rates.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Roads:<\/strong> Gravel routes require 4x4s; fuel stations are sparse\u2014plan ahead.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Scooters suit smaller towns like Puerto Varas but aren\u2019t practical for long distances.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>Unique Local Transport<\/h3>\n<p>In Chilo\u00e9, traditional <strong>horse-drawn carts<\/strong> still operate in rural areas, while <strong>cable ferries<\/strong> (e.g., over the Petrohu\u00e9 River) offer scenic crossings.<\/p>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Cost:<\/strong> Nominal fees (1,000\u20133,000 CLP) for short trips.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Experience:<\/strong> Slow travel with local charm\u2014perfect for photographers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","zone_day_trips":"<h3>Torres del Paine National Park Adventure<\/h3>\n<p>Experience the breathtaking beauty of Torres del Paine National Park, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve renowned for its towering granite peaks, turquoise lakes, and sprawling glaciers. This full-day or multi-day tour often includes hiking the iconic W Trek, wildlife spotting (guanacos, condors, and pumas), and boat trips to Grey Glacier. Perfect for <strong>adventure seekers<\/strong> and <strong>nature lovers<\/strong>, the park is roughly a 4-hour drive from Puerto Natales.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Chilo\u00e9 Island Cultural & Culinary Tour<\/h3>\n<p>Discover the enchanting archipelago of Chilo\u00e9, famous for its colorful palafitos (stilt houses), UNESCO-listed wooden churches, and rich folklore. A day trip here might include visits to Castro\u2019s bustling fish market, a traditional curanto (seafood stew) lunch, and exploring the mystical forests of Chilo\u00e9 National Park. Ideal for <strong>culture enthusiasts<\/strong> and <strong>foodies<\/strong>, the island is accessible via a short ferry ride from Pargua, near Puerto Montt.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Carretera Austral Scenic Drive<\/h3>\n<p>Embark on a road trip along the legendary Carretera Austral, one of Chile\u2019s most spectacular routes. Highlights include the marble caves of General Carrera Lake, the Queulat Hanging Glacier, and the pristine rainforests of Pumal\u00edn Park. This tour is best suited for <strong>road-trippers<\/strong> and <strong>photography lovers<\/strong>, with options for guided excursions or self-drive adventures starting from Coyhaique or Puerto Montt.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Puyuhuapi Hot Springs & Queulat National Park<\/h3>\n<p>Unwind in the geothermal waters of Puyuhuapi Hot Springs, nestled in a fjord surrounded by lush rainforest. Combine this relaxing stop with a hike to the awe-inspiring Queulat Hanging Glacier in Queulat National Park. This day trip is perfect for <strong>families<\/strong> and <strong>those seeking relaxation and nature<\/strong>, located about 3 hours from Coyhaique along the Carretera Austral.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Osorno Volcano & Petrohu\u00e9 Waterfalls<\/h3>\n<p>Marvel at the snow-capped Osorno Volcano and the emerald waters of Petrohu\u00e9 Waterfalls on this day trip from Puerto Varas. Activities often include hiking the volcano\u2019s slopes, kayaking on Todos los Santos Lake, or crossing the scenic Vicente P\u00e9rez Rosales National Park. A great choice for <strong>outdoor enthusiasts<\/strong> and <strong>scenic explorers<\/strong>, just a 1-hour drive from Puerto Varas.<\/p>","relationship_zone_child_items":[83762,86467,86466,86465,86468,86469]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/zone\/86112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/zone"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/zone"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/province\/86469"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/province\/86468"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/province\/86465"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/province\/86466"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/province\/86467"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/destinations\/83762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"continent","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/continent?post=86112"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=86112"},{"taxonomy":"destination_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/destination_type?post=86112"},{"taxonomy":"seasonality","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/seasonality?post=86112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}