{"id":76390,"date":"2023-08-21T15:57:22","date_gmt":"2023-08-21T20:57:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/animals\/tourmaline-sunangel\/"},"modified":"2023-09-23T09:21:48","modified_gmt":"2023-09-23T14:21:48","slug":"tourmaline-sunangel","status":"publish","type":"bird","link":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/oiseau\/tourmaline-sunangel\/","title":{"rendered":"Tourmaline Sunangel"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ange solaire en tourmaline (Heliangelus exortis)<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":76524,"template":"","class":[2061],"continent":[],"country":[521,524],"families":[2275],"genus":[3673],"location":[],"orders":[2274],"seasonality":[],"spotter":[],"class_list":["post-76390","bird","type-bird","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","class-aves","country-colombia","country-ecuador","families-trochilidae","genus-heliangelus","orders-apodiformes"],"acf":{"scientific_name":"Heliangelus exortis","animal_description":"The Tourmaline Sunangel (Heliangelus exortis) is a dark hummingbird with fairly short straight bill. Male has bright purple throat patch and blue-green forecrown. Female has white throat. Also note white undertail coverts and fairly long notched tail. Fairly common in high elevation forests and edges in the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. Visits feeders. It inhabits subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.","animal_habitat":"The Tourmaline Sunangel inhabits montane forests and edge habitats, primarily thriving in humid, moss-laden, and densely vegetated areas. These environments typically range from 1,800 to 3,500 meters in elevation, where cloud forests and elfin woodlands provide abundant sources of nectar and insects, crucial to their diet. They are often found near streams and in areas with plentiful flowering plants, which are essential for their feeding and nesting behaviors.\n\nGeographically, the Tourmaline Sunangel is distributed across parts of the Northern Andes in countries such as Colombia and Ecuador. This region's diverse and fragmented topography supports the microhabitats necessary for the species, allowing them to occupy niches in both primary and secondary forests. While they may occasionally venture into adjacent anthropogenic landscapes like coffee plantations and forest clearings, their core presence remains tied to the rich, elevated forest ecosystems of the Andean slopes.","animal_behavior_and_reproduction":"The Tourmaline Sunangel exhibits complex mating behaviors and a defined social structure. During the breeding season, males perform elaborate aerial displays, often accompanied by rapid wing beats, to attract females. They also engage in a unique courtship ritual that includes hovering in front of potential mates while showcasing their vibrant plumage and distinctive iridescent gorget. Territorial by nature, males will aggressively defend their chosen display sites from rivals, ensuring their chances of mating success.\n\nReproduction involves the female solely constructing a small, cup-shaped nest made of plant fibers, moss, and spider silk, typically placed on a tree branch or shrub. Once the nest is built, the female lays two white eggs, which she incubates alone for about 15-18 days. After hatching, she continues to care for the chicks, feeding them regurgitated nectar and insects until they fledge in approximately three weeks. The solitary nature of nest building and chick rearing underscores the species' unique reproductive strategy focused on maternal effort.","diet":"Nectar, small insects","colors":"Iridescent green with a dark tail.","fun_facts":"Native to Colombia and Ecuador. Named after tourmaline gemstone due to its dazzling colors.","conservation_status_&_efforts":"The Tourmaline Sunangel is currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, indicating it does not face an immediate risk of extinction. Its population trend is considered stable, and it is found in a relatively wide range across Colombia and Ecuador. The primary threats to this species include habitat loss due to deforestation and land-use changes for agriculture and urban development.\n\nConservation efforts for the Tourmaline Sunangel focus primarily on habitat protection and sustainable land management. Key initiatives include the establishment of protected areas and national parks within its range, as well as community-based conservation programs that promote sustainable agricultural practices. Additionally, reforestation projects and environmental education initiatives aim to raise awareness about the importance of preserving this hummingbird\u2019s natural habitat.","endemic":false,"conservation_status":"Least concern","related_animals_countries":"","related_animals_habitats":[74230,74243,74239],"related_animals_observation_areas":[76269,73995,74000,74011,74012],"related_animals_projects":"","ebird_link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/ebird.org\/species\/tousun1","target":""},"animal_related_page":"","video_link":null,"gallery":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bird\/76390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bird"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/bird"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/spotting-area\/74012"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/spotting-area\/74011"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/spotting-area\/74000"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/spotting-area\/73995"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/spotting-area\/76269"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/habitat\/74230"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/76524"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"class","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/class?post=76390"},{"taxonomy":"continent","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/continent?post=76390"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=76390"},{"taxonomy":"families","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/families?post=76390"},{"taxonomy":"genus","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/genus?post=76390"},{"taxonomy":"location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/location?post=76390"},{"taxonomy":"orders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/orders?post=76390"},{"taxonomy":"seasonality","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/seasonality?post=76390"},{"taxonomy":"spotter","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/spotter?post=76390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}