Mad\u00e8re<\/a>, arrived in the 1830s, followed by smaller groups of West Africans and Chinese workers in the mid-19th century. While each group contributed to the colony’s cultural mosaic, they faced harsh conditions and high mortality rates, and many eventually left the plantations to pursue commerce and other trades.<\/p>\nThe most transformative wave of immigration, however, came from British India. Between 1838 and 1917, over 239,000 Indians arrived in British Guiana as indentured laborers. This mass migration fundamentally and permanently reshaped Guyanese society. The arrival of so many people from the Indian subcontinent introduced new religions (Hinduism and Islam), languages, foods, and cultural practices, creating a vibrant, pluralistic society. More profoundly, it laid the groundwork for future political dynamics. The system tended to keep the Indian laborers geographically and socially bound to the sugar estates, while the Afro-Guyanese population was largely centered in the villages and urban areas. This separation, encouraged by colonial policy, fostered distinct community interests and identities that would later become the primary fault line in the nation’s political landscape.<\/p>\n
The Dominance of “King Sugar”<\/h3>\n
Throughout the era of British Guiana, one industry reigned supreme: sugar. “King Sugar” was not just an economic activity; it was the organizing principle of the entire colony. The economy was a monoculture, dangerously dependent on the fluctuating global price of sugar. The physical landscape was re-engineered to serve its needs, with an intricate network of canals, dams, and sea defenses. Society itself was a rigid hierarchy with a small elite of white British planters and colonial officials at the top, a middle class of merchants and professionals, and the vast majority of Afro-Guyanese and Indo-Guyanese laborers at the bottom.<\/p>\n
While sugar dominated, other industries gradually emerged. Rice cultivation, initially practiced by indentured Indians on small plots to supplement their rations, grew into a major industry and a vital source of food for the colony. By the early 20th century, rice had become a significant export. Around the same time, the discovery of vast bauxite deposits in the interior, particularly around the Demerara River, led to the rise of the mining industry. The Demerara Bauxite Company (DEMBA)<\/strong>, an American-Canadian subsidiary, began operations, introducing a new and powerful economic force into the colony’s life.<\/p>\nLa dispute frontali\u00e8re du Venezuela<\/h3>\n
As the British consolidated their control, a long-simmering territorial dispute with neighboring Venezuela came to the forefront. The conflict centered on the vast Essequibo region, an area west of the Essequibo River that constituted nearly two-thirds of the colony’s landmass. Venezuela’s claim was based on its inheritance of Spain’s 16th-century colonial territories, while Britain’s claim was based on its de facto control and settlement of the area, which had expanded significantly from the original Dutch coastal holdings.<\/p>\n
After decades of diplomatic tension, the dispute was submitted to an international tribunal for arbitration. In 1899, the tribunal issued its ruling, known as the Arbitral Award of 1899<\/strong>. The decision overwhelmingly favored Great Britain, awarding it more than 90% of the disputed territory and establishing the boundary that Guyana recognizes today. For over 60 years, Venezuela accepted this border. The award is of immense historical significance, as it forms the legal and historical foundation of Guyana’s territorial integrity, a foundation that would be challenged again in the decades leading up to and following independence.<\/p>\nLa route tumultueuse vers l'ind\u00e9pendance<\/h2>\nL'essor du nationalisme<\/h3>\n
The end of the Second World War signaled a profound shift across the globe as the foundations of European colonial empires began to crumble. In British Guiana, the winds of change stirred a growing desire for self-determination. The colony’s rigid, sugar-dominated social structure and the lack of genuine political representation fueled a nascent nationalist movement. Early sparks of resistance were fanned by organized labor, with trade unions becoming crucial platforms for political mobilization and advocacy for workers’ rights.<\/p>\n
From this fertile ground for change, two towering figures emerged who would dominate Guyanese politics for the next half-century. The first was Cheddi Jagan<\/strong>, an American-trained dentist of Indian descent whose experiences abroad solidified his Marxist ideals and his commitment to anti-colonialism. The second was Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham<\/strong>, a brilliant and charismatic British-trained lawyer of African descent. Together, they represented a new, educated, and politically conscious generation poised to challenge colonial authority.<\/p>\nThe People’s Progressive Party (PPP)<\/h3>\n
In 1950, Jagan and Burnham channeled this growing nationalist energy into the formation of the People’s Progressive Party (PPP)<\/strong>. This was a landmark moment in Guyanese history. The PPP was not merely a political party; it was the colony’s first mass-based, multi-ethnic movement, explicitly created to unite the working classes, regardless of race, against British rule. With Jagan as its leader and Burnham as its chairman, the party initially embodied the powerful ideal of Afro-Guyanese and Indo-Guyanese solidarity.<\/p>\nCe front uni s'est av\u00e9r\u00e9 immens\u00e9ment fructueux. Lors des \u00e9lections g\u00e9n\u00e9rales de 1953, les premi\u00e8res tenues sous le suffrage universel adulte, le PPP a remport\u00e9 une victoire retentissante, obtenant 18 des 24 si\u00e8ges \u00e9lus. Cette victoire \u00e9tait un mandat clair en faveur de la r\u00e9forme sociale et d'un chemin rapide vers l'ind\u00e9pendance, mais elle a envoy\u00e9 des ondes de choc \u00e0 travers l'administration coloniale de Londres et le gouvernement anticommuniste de Washington, D.C.<\/p>\n
La division politique et la division ethnique<\/h3>\n
The PPP’s dream of a united, independent Guyana was tragically short-lived. Alarmed by Jagan’s socialist rhetoric and policies, the British government, with strong encouragement from the United States, suspended the constitution just 133 days after the election. British troops were deployed, and key PPP leaders were imprisoned. This intervention created an environment of suspicion and paranoia that exacerbated underlying tensions within the party’s leadership.<\/p>\n
A bitter power struggle erupted between the pragmatic, power-oriented Burnham and the ideologically rigid Jagan. In 1955, the PPP formally split. Jagan maintained control of the original party, which increasingly drew its support from the rural Indo-Guyanese population. Burnham\u2019s faction evolved into the People’s National Congress (PNC)<\/strong>, which consolidated its base among the urban Afro-Guyanese community. This political schism was a catastrophic turning point, as it cleaved the nationalist movement almost perfectly along ethnic lines. From then on, political competition in Guyana became deeply, and often violently, intertwined with racial identity, a legacy that continues to shape the nation today.<\/p>\nIntervention pendant la Guerre Froide<\/h3>\n
Guyana’s path to independence became a pawn in the global chess match of the Cold War. For the United States, the prospect of a Marxist-led state\u2014a potential “second Cuba” on the South American mainland\u2014was unacceptable. Jagan’s continued electoral success throughout the late 1950s and early 1960s intensified American and British efforts to prevent him from leading an independent Guyana.<\/p>\n
Foreign intelligence agencies, particularly the CIA, engaged in covert operations to destabilize Jagan’s government. They provided funding and strategic support to his political opponents, including Forbes Burnham’s PNC, and helped foment a series of crippling strikes and violent riots in the early 1960s. The most decisive move came when Britain, under pressure from the Kennedy administration, changed the colony’s electoral system from the traditional “first-past-the-post” system to one of proportional representation. This change was deliberately engineered to fracture the PPP’s electoral majority, allowing Forbes Burnham to form a coalition government in 1964 and lead the nation into independence two years later.<\/p>\n
Post-Ind\u00e9pendance : Une R\u00e9publique coop\u00e9rative<\/h2>\nForging a New Nation in 1966<\/h3>\n
On May 26, 1966, the Union Jack was lowered for the last time over Georgetown, and the new Golden Arrowhead flag was raised, marking the birth of an independent Guyana. The moment was one of immense national pride and optimism, a culmination of decades of struggle. However, the celebrations were tempered by the deep ethnic fissures that had been violently exposed in the years leading up to independence. The new nation, led by Prime Minister Forbes Burnham<\/strong>, faced the monumental task of uniting a divided people and charting its own course in a world dominated by the Cold War.<\/p>\nIn 1970, Burnham took a decisive ideological step, declaring Guyana a “Co-operative Republic.” This was a unique political and economic experiment intended to be a “third way” between Western capitalism and Soviet-style communism. The model promoted co-operatives as the primary vehicle for economic development, aiming to place the nation’s resources and means of production in the hands of ordinary citizens. It was a vision of self-reliance, designed to break the legacy of colonial economic dependency and foster a collective national identity.<\/p>\n
L'\u00e8re Burnham (1966-1985)<\/h3>\n
The two decades following independence were defined by the leadership of Forbes Burnham and his People’s National Congress (PNC) party. Guided by the philosophy of the Co-operative Republic, his government embarked on a radical program of nationalization. In the 1970s, the country’s two economic pillars\u2014the foreign-owned bauxite and sugar industries\u2014were taken over by the state. This move was initially popular, seen as a powerful assertion of national sovereignty. However, a combination of factors, including a lack of capital, the loss of skilled management, and fluctuating global commodity prices, led to a steady decline in production.<\/p>\n
This economic downturn had severe consequences for the populace. The country faced chronic shortages of basic goods, from food staples to fuel, leading to long queues and a thriving black market. The state’s increasing control extended into the political sphere, with Burnham’s government consolidating power through means that were widely criticized as authoritarian. Elections were consistently marred by allegations of fraud, political opposition was suppressed, and media came under state control. Internationally, Burnham positioned Guyana as a leading voice in the Non-Aligned Movement, championing anti-colonial causes while navigating complex relationships with the world’s superpowers.<\/p>\n
La Trag\u00e9die de Jonestown<\/h3>\n
In the midst of these domestic challenges, Guyana was thrust into the global spotlight by a horrifying event that had little to do with its own people. In the mid-1970s, the Guyanese government had granted a remote tract of jungle to an American religious group called the Peoples Temple, led by the charismatic and controlling Jim Jones<\/strong>. The settlement, known as Jonestown, was presented as a utopian agricultural project.<\/p>\nOn November 18, 1978, this illusion was shattered. Following a fact-finding mission by U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan to investigate claims of abuse, Ryan and four others were assassinated on a nearby airstrip. In the hours that followed, Jones orchestrated a mass murder-suicide at the settlement. More than 900 people, including hundreds of children, died from cyanide poisoning. For Guyana, the tragedy was a profound shock that inflicted a deep and lasting wound on its international reputation. For years after, the name “Guyana” became unfairly synonymous with this dark chapter, obscuring the nation’s own rich history and complex realities from the world’s view.<\/p>\n
La Retour \u00e0 la D\u00e9mocratie<\/h3>\n
Following Forbes Burnham’s death in 1985, his successor, Desmond Hoyte, inherited a nation in a state of economic collapse. Recognizing the failure of the state-controlled model, Hoyte began a slow and difficult process of political and economic liberalization, dismantling many of the previous era’s policies and re-engaging with Western nations and financial institutions.<\/p>\n
This period of reform culminated in the landmark elections of 1992. With the presence of international observers, including a team led by former U.S. President Jimmy Carter, the polls were widely recognized as the first free and fair elections in Guyana in nearly three decades. The result was a victory for the People’s Progressive Party (PPP), led by an aging Cheddi Jagan<\/strong>. The peaceful transfer of power marked the end of 28 years of PNC rule and heralded a new, democratic chapter for the nation, offering a renewed sense of hope for political reconciliation and economic recovery.<\/p>\nModerne Guyane : Une nation transform\u00e9e<\/h2>\nG\u00e9rer une d\u00e9mocratie multiethnique<\/h3>\n
The dawn of the 21st century found Guyana still grappling with the deep-seated political divisions forged during the turbulent pre-independence era. The legacy of the split between the People’s Progressive Party (PPP) and the People’s National Congress (PNC) continued to shape the political landscape, with voting patterns often aligning along ethnic lines, primarily between the Indo-Guyanese and Afro-Guyanese communities. This persistent polarization has been a central challenge to national development, periodically leading to political instability and social tension, particularly around election periods.<\/p>\n
Malgr\u00e9 ces d\u00e9fis, des efforts continus et significatifs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s en faveur de l'unit\u00e9 nationale et de la r\u00e9conciliation. Les gouvernements successifs et les organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile ont soutenu des initiatives visant \u00e0 promouvoir une identit\u00e9 nationale plus inclusive. Ces efforts comprennent des r\u00e9formes constitutionnelles, des commissions d'enqu\u00eate pour traiter les griefs historiques et des dialogues continus sur les arrangements de partage du pouvoir. L'objectif demeure de construire une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 le discours politique transcende l'ethnicit\u00e9 et se concentre sur les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux communs, une t\u00e2che complexe mais cruciale pour une nation d'une si riche diversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n
L'aube de l'\u00e8re du p\u00e9trole<\/h3>\n
In 2015, Guyana’s trajectory was dramatically and irrevocably altered. The discovery of massive, high-quality offshore oil reserves by a consortium led by ExxonMobil<\/strong> in the Stabroek Block heralded a new economic era. Subsequent discoveries confirmed that Guyana was not just an oil producer, but a future petroleum powerhouse, with billions of barrels of recoverable oil and gas lying beneath its coastal waters. This sudden windfall catapulted the small nation onto the global energy stage, attracting immense international investment and attention.<\/p>\nThe economic impact has been staggering. Guyana quickly became the world’s fastest-growing economy, with its GDP expanding at a rate unprecedented in modern history. This newfound wealth holds the promise of transforming every aspect of Guyanese society. The potential exists to fund monumental upgrades in infrastructure, build world-class education and healthcare systems, and create a sustainable economic foundation for future generations, fundamentally reshaping the nation’s destiny and offering a path out of historical economic constraints.<\/p>\n
D\u00e9fis et opportunit\u00e9s contemporains<\/h3>\n
With immense opportunity comes profound challenges. The primary concern for Guyana is managing its newfound wealth effectively to avoid the “resource curse”\u2014a phenomenon where sudden resource wealth leads to economic instability, corruption, and a decline in other sectors. To mitigate this, Guyana established a Natural Resource Fund, a type of sovereign wealth fund, to manage revenues transparently and promote sustainable development. The national conversation is now dominated by how to ensure this wealth benefits all citizens and fuels long-term, equitable growth rather than short-term gain.<\/p>\n
Simultaneously, Guyana’s oil discoveries have reignited a long-dormant territorial threat. The colonial-era border dispute with Venezuela over the vast, resource-rich Essequibo region has resurfaced with renewed intensity. Venezuela has aggressively reasserted its claim, which covers nearly two-thirds of Guyanese territory. Guyana has stood firm, placing its faith in international law and seeking a final, binding resolution from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to affirm the 1899 Arbitral Award that established the current border.<\/p>\n
Amidst these global pressures, Guyana continues to cultivate its unique identity as a bridge between two worlds. As a founding member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM)<\/strong>, its cultural, linguistic, and historical ties are deeply rooted in the Caribbean. Yet, its geography places it firmly on the South American continent, sharing borders with Brazil, Venezuela, and Suriname. This duality gives Guyana a distinct role in regional affairs, allowing it to serve as a vital link for trade, diplomacy, and culture between the Caribbean islands and the South American mainland, navigating its future as a nation of immense potential and complex realities.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Un voyage \u00e0 travers le riche pass\u00e9 de la Guyane, des racines indig\u00e8nes aux luttes coloniales.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"History of Guyana","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","iawp_total_views":31,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3675],"tags":[3444,12437,12439,12443,12445,12440,12280],"article-type":[12361],"collection":[],"country":[1926],"location":[],"class_list":["post-93667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-destination-guides","tag-culture","tag-demogragphy","tag-economy","tag-guyana","tag-history","tag-politics","tag-south-america","article-type-culture","country-guyana"],"acf":{"article_outline":"## Pre-Colonial Guyana: The First Peoples\n### The Land of Many Waters\n### Indigenous Societies and Culture\n- The Arawak (Lokono) people\n- The Carib (Kalina) people\n- The Warrau people\n- Lifestyles, trade, and social structures before European contact\n\n## The European Scramble for the \"Wild Coast\"\n### Early Dutch Settlements\n- Establishment of Essequibo, Demerara, and Berbice colonies\n- The focus on trade and plantation agriculture\n### The Plantation Economy and Slavery\n- The brutal reality of the transatlantic slave trade in Guyana\n- The role of enslaved Africans in building the colonial infrastructure\n- Major slave rebellions, including the Berbice Slave Uprising of 1763\n### British Conquest and Consolidation\n- The Napoleonic Wars and the transfer of colonies to Britain\n- The formal unification into British Guiana in 1831\n\n## British Guiana: Sugar, Servitude, and Society\n### The Abolition of Slavery and Its Aftermath\n- The Emancipation Act of 1833 and the \"Apprenticeship\" period\n- The establishment of free villages by former slaves\n### The Great Experiment: Indentured Labor\n- The search for a new labor force for the sugar plantations\n- Arrival of indentured workers from Portugal, China, and West Africa\n- Mass immigration from India and its profound demographic and cultural impact {Instruction: Emphasize how this reshaped Guyanese society and laid the groundwork for future political dynamics.}\n### The Dominance of \"King Sugar\"\n- How the sugar industry shaped the economy, landscape, and social hierarchy\n- The rise of other industries like rice and bauxite mining\n### The Venezuela Border Dispute\n- The origins of the claim over the Essequibo region\n- The Arbitral Award of 1899 and its historical significance\n\n## The Turbulent Road to Independence\n### The Rise of Nationalism\n- The formation of early political and labor movements\n- The emergence of Cheddi Jagan and Forbes Burnham\n### The People's Progressive Party (PPP)\n- The creation of Guyana's first mass-based political party\n- The initial multi-ethnic alliance between Jagan and Burnham\n### The Political Split and Ethnic Division\n- The ideological and personal rifts leading to the PPP-PNC split\n- How politics became increasingly polarized along Indo-Guyanese and Afro-Guyanese lines\n### Cold War Intervention\n- The influence of the United States and Britain in Guyanese politics\n- Fears of communism and the engineering of Burnham's rise to power\n\n## Post-Independence: A Co-operative Republic\n### Forging a New Nation in 1966\n- Guyana's independence from Britain\n- The adoption of the \"Co-operative Republic\" model under Forbes Burnham\n### The Burnham Era (1966-1985)\n- Nationalization of key industries (sugar and bauxite)\n- Economic challenges, authoritarianism, and international alignment\n### The Jonestown Tragedy\n- The 1978 mass murder-suicide at the Peoples Temple settlement\n- The international shock and its lasting impact on Guyana's image {Instruction: Please handle this section with sensitivity, focusing on the historical context and the event's effect on the country.}\n### The Return to Democracy\n- The period of economic decline following Burnham's death\n- The 1992 elections, widely considered the first free and fair elections since the 1960s\n\n## Modern Guyana: A Nation Transformed\n### Navigating a Multi-Ethnic Democracy\n- The enduring legacy of ethnic politics\n- Efforts toward national unity and reconciliation\n### The Dawn of the Oil Era\n- The discovery of massive offshore oil reserves\n- The economic boom and its potential to reshape the nation's future\n### Contemporary Challenges and Opportunities\n- Managing newfound wealth and avoiding the \"resource curse\"\n- The resurgence of the Essequibo border dispute with Venezuela\n- Guyana's role in CARICOM and its unique identity as a Caribbean nation in South America","article_intro":"
Guyana, often called the \"Land of Six Peoples,\" boasts a rich and complex past that stretches back millennia. From the vibrant societies of its Indigenous inhabitants to the dramatic shifts brought by European colonization and the enduring legacy of its plantation economy, this nation's story is one of resilience, transformation, and cultural fusion. If you've ever wondered about the origins of this unique South American jewel, you're in the right place.<\/p>\n\n
This article will delve into the fascinating history of Guyana<\/b>, exploring the foundational chapters of its existence. We'll journey from the pre-colonial era, understanding the lives and traditions of the First Peoples, through the intense European competition for the \"Wild Coast,\" and into the formative period of British Guiana, examining the intricate tapestry of sugar production, servitude, and the shaping of its society. Prepare to uncover the pivotal moments that have sculpted Guyana into the nation it is today.<\/p>","article_essentials":"\n- \"Land of Many Waters\":<\/b> Guyana's name originates from an Indigenous word signifying its defining geography of vast rivers like the Essequibo, Demerara, Berbice, and Corentyne.<\/li>\n
- Indigenous Mosaic:<\/b> Pre-colonial Guyana was home to diverse Indigenous peoples, including the Arawak (Lokono), Carib (Kalina), and Warrau, each with unique languages, customs, and adaptations.<\/li>\n
- Arawak Culture:<\/b> The Lokono were skilled agriculturalists and traders of the coastal plains, known for their matrilineal society and settled villages.<\/li>\n
- Carib Power:<\/b> The Kalina were formidable seafarers and warriors from the Orinoco basin, whose expansion influenced the region and lent their name to the Caribbean Sea.<\/li>\n
- Warrau Aquatic Mastery:<\/b> The Warrau, or \"boat people,\" thrived in the swampy delta, demonstrating exceptional skill in canoe construction and an intimate connection to water resources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","article_takeaways":"
\n- \"Land of Many Waters\":<\/b> Guyana's name originates from Indigenous terms meaning \"Land of Many Waters,\" highlighting the profound influence of its major rivers on its geography and inhabitants.<\/li>\n
- Diverse Indigenous Cultures:<\/b> Pre-colonial Guyana was home to distinct Indigenous societies like the Arawak (Lokono), Carib (Kalina), and Warrau, each with unique languages, customs, and adaptations to specific environments.<\/li>\n
- Arawak (Lokono) Society:<\/b> The Lokono were skilled coastal agriculturalists, known for their trade networks and matrilineal social structure, often serving as early European contact points.<\/li>\n
- Carib (Kalina) Influence:<\/b> The Kalina were formidable seafarers and warriors from the Orinoco basin, whose regional presence is reflected in the naming of the Caribbean Sea.<\/li>\n
- Warrau Adaptation:<\/b> The Warrau people mastered the aquatic environments of the Orinoco delta, developing a culture deeply reliant on canoes and water resources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","article_conclusion":"
From its ancient Indigenous roots, shaped by the abundant waterways, Guyana's history is a rich tapestry woven by diverse cultures and enduring connections to the land. Understanding this foundational legacy is key to appreciating the nation's ongoing journey.<\/p>","article_invite_to_share_and_comment":"","article_benchmark_stock":"","article_incorporator":"","destination_description":"","destination_practical_information":"","related_destination":null,"":"","related_zone":null,"related_province":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93667","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93667"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93667\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":93670,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93667\/revisions\/93670"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93667"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93667"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93667"},{"taxonomy":"article-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article-type?post=93667"},{"taxonomy":"collection","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/collection?post=93667"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=93667"},{"taxonomy":"location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wildexpedition.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/location?post=93667"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}