
The Tolima Dove (Leptotila conoveri) is a medium-sized dove endemic to Colombia, Shy dove found only in Andean cloud forest in central Andes. The dull reddish-purple color on neck and breast, gray crown, and pale eye separate it from the much more common and widespread White-tipped Dove. Usually stays well hidden, but sometimes comes out into the open in clearings and along quiet roads, especially early in the morning. Gives low, well-spaced coos.
Habitats & Distribution
The Tolima Dove primarily thrives in montane forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. These environments provide the dense vegetation and canopy cover essential for its shelter and feeding habits. It is typically found at altitudes ranging from 1,200 to 2,300 meters above sea level, where it forages for seeds, fruits, and small invertebrates on the forest floor. Geographically, this species is endemic to Colombia, with its range restricted to the central and western parts of the country. It is particularly associated with the Andean region, encompassing areas within the departments of Tolima, Huila, and Quindío. The limited distribution and specific habitat requirements make the Tolima Dove vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation, which are ongoing threats in this region.
Behaviours & Reproduction
The Tolima Dove exhibits a preference for monogamous pair bonds, with mates often staying together for extended periods. During the breeding season, males engage in elaborate courtship displays that include a series of cooing calls and a distinctive puffing of the chest to attract females. Nesting typically occurs in dense vegetation, where the female lays one or two eggs. Both parents share incubation duties, ensuring the eggs are kept warm and protected. In terms of social structure, the Tolima Dove is generally solitary or found in pairs outside the breeding season. However, they may form small family groups during the fledgling period. Unique reproductive strategies include synchronized nesting, where neighboring pairs time their nesting cycles closely to enhance collective vigilance against predators. This communal effort appears to increase the overall survival rate of the offspring.
Diet
Seeds, fruits, and small invertebrates
Colors
Pale gray with a pinkish-brown crown
Fun Facts
A rare and elusive dove. It's one of the least-known doves in South America.
Conservation Status & Efforts
The Tolima Dove (Leptotila conoveri) is currently classified as Vulnerable due to its restricted range and declining population. The primary threats to this species include habitat loss and fragmentation caused by agricultural expansion, deforestation, and the illegal timber trade. Population trends indicate a continuous decline, exacerbated by the rapidly changing landscape of its native habitats. Conservation efforts for the Tolima Dove focus on habitat preservation and restoration. Protected areas have been established to safeguard critical habitats, and reforestation projects aim to rebuild lost environments. Additionally, local communities are being engaged through environmental education programs to promote sustainable land-use practices and reduce human impact. These measures are crucial for mitigating the threats and stabilizing the population of this vulnerable species.