Large, colorful tanager found only in the Santa Marta Mountains of Colombia. Note the black mask, yellow dot behind eye, and azure crown; plumage is otherwise blue and yellow. Usually seen in the canopy of cloud forest, often in pairs, and regularly joins mixed species flocks. It is rather quiet for a mountain-tanager, and typically just gives soft chip notes. Quite common in the upper parts of El Dorado Nature Reserve.
Habitats & Distribution
The Santa Marta Mountain Tanager thrives in humid montane forests, often found in the subtropical and tropical regions of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia. This bird typically inhabits elevations ranging from 1,800 to 3,200 meters. It favors dense, moss-laden forests with abundant understory vegetation, frequently frequenting edges and clearings where food resources like fruits and insects are more accessible. Its distribution is highly localized, limited to the isolated Santa Marta mountain range, which is known for its rich biodiversity and high endemism. This area provides a unique ecological niche, supporting diverse flora and fauna, which are essential for the survival of this particular tanager species. Despite its limited range, the specialized habitat of the Santa Marta Mountain Tanager plays a critical role in sustaining its population.
Behaviours & Reproduction
The Santa Marta Mountain Tanager exhibits monogamous mating habits, forming long-term pair bonds with a single mate. During the breeding season, both males and females participate in nest-building, typically choosing concealed locations within dense foliage to construct cup-shaped nests. The female usually lays a clutch of 2-3 eggs, which she incubates while the male provides food and protection. Socially, these tanagers are often seen in small family groups or mixed-species flocks outside the breeding season, indicating a level of social flexibility. Parental care is a cooperative effort; both parents feed and tend to the chicks until they fledge. One unique reproductive strategy is their high-altitude nesting preference, which may help reduce predation risk and ensure a stable microclimate for the developing young.
Diet
Fruits, insects
Colors
Blue, black, white
Fun Facts
It is endemic to the Santa Marta Mountains and is highly adapted to the high-altitude environment, with a sturdy build and efficient foraging techniques.
Conservation Status & Efforts
The Santa Marta Mountain Tanager is experiencing a population decline primarily due to habitat loss driven by agricultural expansion, logging, and human settlement. The bird is currently listed as "Vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List, reflecting these ongoing threats to its limited range in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Conservation efforts for the species include habitat protection through the establishment of protected areas and ecological reserves. There is also a focus on reforestation and sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate further habitat degradation. Local and international organizations are working to raise awareness and involve the local community in conservation actions. Research and monitoring programs are essential to track the population trends and the effectiveness of implemented measures.
