O manacá-de-cabeça-vermelha (Ceratopipra mentalis) é uma ave pequena e robusta dos níveis médios e do sub-bosque da floresta tropical húmida das terras baixas. Longe das áreas de exposição, é normalmente encontrada em grupos de um e dois, empoleirada em silêncio ou alimentando-se em árvores frutíferas e arbustos, desde o sub-bosque até à copa das árvores. Fica muitas vezes imóvel durante longos períodos e passa facilmente despercebida.
Habitats e distribuição
The Red-capped Manakin (Ceratopipra mentalis) primarily inhabits the lowland tropical forests of Central America, from southern Mexico to western Panama. It thrives in dense, humid environments like evergreen forests, secondary growths, and mature forest edges. This species is often found in a range of elevations up to 1,100 meters but is most commonly seen in lowland areas. In terms of geographical range, the Red-capped Manakin is distributed across countries including Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. It prefers regions with abundant thickets and undergrowth, providing ample cover and foraging opportunities within the forest canopy and understory.
Comportamentos e reprodução
Male Red-capped Manakins are known for their elaborate and acrobatic courtship displays, which include a series of rapid, intricate movements like the "moonwalk" across branches to attract females. These displays are typically performed in lek sites where multiple males gather to compete for female attention. Females visit these lek sites, observing multiple males before selecting a mate based on the quality of their displays. The social structure is relatively solitary outside of the breeding season, with males only coming together at lek sites during mating periods. Females are responsible for all aspects of reproduction following mating, including nest building, incubation, and caring for the young. They construct small, shallow cup nests made of fine plant material, typically placed on a horizontal branch or in a fork of tree limbs. This separation of roles and the use of lekking are unique reproductive strategies that ensure the survival and continuation of the species.
Dieta
Alimenta-se principalmente de pequenos frutos. Consome também insectos como escaravelhos, moscas e térmitas voadoras.
Cores
Macho inconfundível: a cabeça vermelho-fogo brilha na floresta sombria. Fêmea notavelmente monótona, esverdeada, com bico rosado, patas escuras, melhor identificada pela forma e comportamento.
Factos divertidos
Na altura da reprodução, os machos têm um comportamento de lekking no chão da floresta, durante o qual incham as penas do pescoço.
Estado de conservação e esforços
The Red-capped Manakin (Ceratopipra mentalis) is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating a relatively stable population. However, trends suggest potential local declines primarily due to habitat destruction, particularly from deforestation and agricultural expansion in its Central and South American range. Additionally, fragmentation of its forest habitat poses a significant threat by disrupting breeding and feeding patterns. Conservation efforts focus on protecting and restoring tropical forest habitats through the establishment of protected areas and sustainable land-use practices. NGOs and local communities are also working on reforestation projects and environmental education programs to raise awareness about the importance of preserving these ecosystems. Monitoring programs are vital to track population trends and assess the effectiveness of these conservation measures.
