The Amazon Kingfisher (Chloroceryle amazona) is a medium-sized kingfisher of tropical lowlands. Found singly or in pairs, along rivers and at the edges of ponds and lakes, often perched on wires or bare snags. Mainly flies low over the water. Size similar to Belted Kingfisher, but black bill much more massive and crest more tufted. Also differs from Belted in its dark oily-green head and upperparts. Green Kingfisher is much smaller with bold white spots and bars on the wings.

Habitats & Distribution

The Amazon Kingfisher thrives in a variety of freshwater environments, including rivers, streams, lakes, and wetlands, often preferring areas with dense vegetation near the water. These habitats provide ample perching sites and abundant prey, such as fish and aquatic invertebrates. The bird is typically found at lower elevations but can occasionally venture into higher altitudes if appropriate aquatic habitats are available. Geographically, the Amazon Kingfisher's range covers much of Central and South America, extending from southern Mexico through Central America and into most of South America, reaching as far south as northern Argentina. This distribution encompasses diverse ecosystems, from tropical rainforests to subtropical and temperate regions, allowing the species to adapt to a wide array of climatic conditions.

Behaviours & Reproduction

The Amazon Kingfisher exhibits monogamous mating habits, typically forming pairs during the breeding season. Both male and female engage in courtship behavior that includes mutual calling and displaying, such as flashing their vivid plumage. Nesting involves burrowing into riverbanks or sandy banks, where they create a tunnel that can extend up to several feet, ending in a nesting chamber. During the reproductive phase, the female lays a clutch of 3 to 5 white eggs, and both parents share the responsibility of incubation, which lasts around 22 to 24 days. Post-hatching, both parents are also involved in feeding and caring for the altricial chicks, which fledge approximately four weeks after hatching. Socially, Amazon Kingfishers are generally solitary or found in pairs, especially during the breeding season, and they are highly territorial, aggressively defending their nesting sites from intruders.

Diet

Fish, crustaceans, and insects

Colors

Upperparts bright green, underparts white, pectoral band rufous.

Fun Facts

It has a unique hovering technique before diving for fish. Is found near rivers and lakes and is recognized by its vibrant green color.

Conservation Status & Efforts

The Amazon Kingfisher is currently listed as a species of Least Concern by the IUCN due to its wide range and relatively stable population. However, there are localized declines primarily attributed to habitat loss and degradation, particularly in regions affected by deforestation, agricultural expansion, and water pollution. The bird's dependence on clean, undisturbed waterways makes it vulnerable to changes in water quality and availability. Conservation efforts for the Amazon Kingfisher focus on habitat preservation and restoration. Protected areas within its range play a crucial role in maintaining viable habitats. Additionally, environmental education initiatives aim to raise awareness about the importance of biodiversity and sustainable land-use practices. Efforts to control water pollution and manage agricultural run-offs are also critical in safeguarding the aquatic ecosystems that this species relies on.