The White-necked Jacobin (Florisuga mellivora) is a rather large, spectacular hummingbird of humid tropical lowlands that favors forest edges, adjacent clearings with scattered trees and flowering bushes, and gardens. Feeds at all levels, often in the canopy, hovering with its tail cocked and occasionally opening it to show extensive white.

Habitats & Distribution

The White-necked Jacobin primarily inhabits the lowland rainforests, secondary forests, and forest edges, favoring locations with abundant flowering plants that provide ample nectar. This species is commonly found at elevations up to 1,200 meters but is most frequently seen in areas below 900 meters. In addition to primary forests, they can adapt to more disturbed habitats such as gardens and plantations, as long as food sources are available. Geographically, the White-necked Jacobin's range extends from southern Mexico, through Central America, and into northern South America, reaching as far south as western Brazil and eastern Peru. They are especially prevalent in humid tropical regions, frequently seen throughout countries like Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador. The bird's broad range and ability to thrive in various environmental conditions allow it to maintain stable population numbers across its distribution.

Behaviours & Reproduction

White-necked Jacobins exhibit a lekking behavior during the breeding season, where males congregate in specific areas to perform elaborate displays and compete for female attention. These displays often include rapid flight maneuvers, vocalizations, and the exhibition of their vibrant plumage. Females visit these leks to choose a mate based on the males' performances, favoring those with the most impressive displays. Once mating occurs, the female assumes sole responsibility for nest building, incubation, and rearing of the chicks. She constructs a cup-shaped nest, typically on a low, horizontal branch or in a shrub, using plant fibers and spider silk for strength and camouflage. After laying one or two eggs, the female incubates them for about 17-19 days until they hatch. The chicks fledge approximately 20-26 days after hatching, during which time the female continues to feed and care for them diligently.

Diet

Nectar and small insects

Colors

Male has deep blue hood, green upperparts with white collar (often hard to see), white underparts, and mostly white tail. Some females look similar to males while others look very different, with dark spotting below and a mostly green tail with white tips.

Fun Facts

Are known for their fast and agile flight, hovering near flowers and feeding on nectar. They are territorial and defend feeding territories against other hummingbirds. These hummingbirds have a high-pitched, buzzing call that is often heard during courtship displays.

Conservation Status & Efforts

The White-necked Jacobin is currently listed as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List due to its large range and presumably large population. Population trends appear to be stable, with no significant declines observed. However, localized threats such as habitat destruction due to deforestation and land conversion for agriculture could potentially impact certain populations. Despite these threats, the species' adaptability to various habitats, including secondary forests and gardens, aids its resilience. Conservation efforts for the White-necked Jacobin primarily focus on habitat preservation, particularly in tropical and subtropical forests. Protected areas and national parks within its range play a crucial role in safeguarding adequate habitats. Additionally, community-based conservation initiatives and sustainable land-use practices promote the preservation of forested areas, indirectly benefiting this species. Further research and monitoring are essential to ensure that potential threats do not escalate and to maintain the current stable population trends.