The Trocaz pigeon (Columba trocaz), also known as the Madeira laurel pigeon, is a large, robust bird endemic to the island of Madeira, Portugal. It measures about 40 cm in length and weighs around 450-500 grams his pigeon is distinguished by its bluish-grey plumage with a slight iridescence, particularly noticeable on its neck. The underparts are pale grey, transitioning to a lighter shade on the belly. The wings are dark grey with lighter fringes, and the tail is also dark grey with a broad, pale band. Males often exhibit a greenish iridescence on the neck. The Trocaz pigeon inhabits the native laurel forests of Madeira, relying on these dense, humid forests for food and nesting sites. It plays a crucial role in the ecosystem by dispersing seeds of laurel forest trees, aiding in forest regeneration. The Trocaz pigeon is known for its strong, direct flight and its deep, resonant call, which echoes through the forest canopy.
Habitats et répartition
The Trocaz Pigeon, also known as the Madeira Laurel Pigeon, inhabits the laurel forests of Madeira, an island in the North Atlantic Ocean. These lush, subtropical forests, known locally as "Laurisilva," are characterized by their high humidity and dense canopy, providing an ideal environment for this bird. The pigeon tends to favor the mid-to-upper altitudes of the island, typically between 200 to 1,500 meters above sea level, where it finds abundant food sources such as laurel berries and other native fruits. Geographically, the Trocaz Pigeon is endemic to Madeira, meaning it is found nowhere else in the world. Its population is distributed unevenly across the island, largely concentrated in areas where the laurel forest remains intact. The conservation of these natural habitats is critical for maintaining the species, as deforestation and habitat loss pose significant threats to its survival.
Comportements et reproduction
The Trocaz Pigeon engages in monogamous mating behavior, typically forming long-term pair bonds. During courtship, males perform elaborate display flights to attract females, which involve a distinctive clapping of the wings and graceful glides. Once paired, these pigeons exhibit strong territorial behavior, often defending their nesting sites aggressively against intruders. Breeding primarily takes place in the laurel forests of Madeira, where the females lay a single egg per clutch in a simple, loosely constructed nest usually situated in trees or cliff ledges. Both parents share the responsibility of incubating the egg and feeding the chick with crop milk, a nutrient-rich secretion produced by both sexes. The cooperative care between the pair ensures that the chick has a higher chance of survival, reflecting their strong pair bonds and collaborative parenting effort.
Régime alimentaire
The Trocaz pigeon primarily feeds on fruits, berries, and leaves of laurel forest trees. It has a particular preference for the fruits of the native trees and plants in its habitat.
Couleurs
Pale, Gray, Black, Rose
Faits amusants
Endemic to Madeira: The Trocaz pigeon is found only on the island of Madeira, making it a unique species of this region.
Forest Specialist: This pigeon plays a crucial role in the ecosystem by dispersing the seeds of the laurel forest trees, aiding in the regeneration of its habitat.
Conservation Success: Once threatened by habitat loss and hunting, conservation efforts have helped stabilize and increase the Trocaz pigeon population.
Statut de conservation et efforts
The Trocaz Pigeon, listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN, has seen fluctuating population trends. Recent estimates suggest a population of about 10,000 individuals, reflecting a moderate increase attributed to ongoing conservation efforts. Primary threats to this species include habitat loss due to deforestation and urbanization, hunting, and predation by invasive species. Conservation measures have focused on habitat restoration and legal protection. Efforts include the reforestation of native Laurisilva forests and the establishment of protected areas to safeguard crucial habitats. Additionally, public awareness campaigns and legal enforcement have significantly reduced illegal hunting. Monitoring programs are also in place to track population trends and the effectiveness of these measures.
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