O Bis-bis (Regulus madeirensis) é uma pequena e vibrante ave passeriforme endémica da ilha da Madeira, Portugal. Mede cerca de 9 cm de comprimento e pesa cerca de 5-7 gramas. Esta pequena ave é caracterizada pelo seu comportamento ativo e movimento constante enquanto voa por entre a densa folhagem do seu habitat florestal. O Bis-bis tem uma plumagem distinta com a parte superior verde-azeitona, a parte inferior esbranquiçada a cinzenta e uma coroa brilhante, laranja nos machos e amarela nas fêmeas. Também apresenta um padrão facial marcante com um supercílio branco e uma faixa ocular preta. As suas asas são escuras com duas barras brancas proeminentes. O Bis-bis é conhecido pelo seu canto alto e agudo, que é frequentemente ouvido a ecoar nas florestas de loureiros da Madeira. Esta ave desempenha um papel fundamental no ecossistema, controlando as populações de insectos e auxiliando na polinização de várias plantas.
Habitats e distribuição
The Madeira Firecrest primarily inhabits the laurel forests of Madeira, an archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean. These dense, humid forests provide a rich environment with abundant invertebrates, which make up the majority of the Firecrest's diet. The species is also found in various other wooded habitats on the island, including mixed forests and plantations of exotic trees, proving its adaptability to slightly altered environments. Geographically, the Madeira Firecrest is endemic to Madeira, meaning it is found nowhere else in the world. While the bird prefers the native laurel forests, it can also be observed in garden areas and parklands near human habitation, showcasing its ability to thrive in a range of forested landscapes within its limited range.
Comportamentos e reprodução
The Madeira Firecrest exhibits monogamous mating habits, with pairs forming during the breeding season, which generally runs from April to June. Males perform elaborate displays, including singing and fluffing their crown feathers, to attract a mate. Both partners participate in nest building, often choosing dense foliage or coniferous trees to construct a small, cup-shaped nest. Socially, Madeira Firecrests are known to maintain highly territorial behaviors during the breeding season. Once paired, they defend their territory aggressively against intruders. They typically lay 7-12 eggs per clutch, with females solely responsible for incubation, lasting about 14-16 days. After hatching, both parents share the task of feeding the chicks until they fledge, usually around 14-18 days post-hatching. Unique to their reproductive strategy is their capacity for raising multiple broods within a single breeding season, maximizing their reproductive success.
Dieta
O Bis-bis alimenta-se principalmente de pequenos insectos, aranhas e outros invertebrados. Forrageia ativamente entre as folhas e os ramos, utilizando a sua visão aguçada para detetar as presas.
Cores
Azeitona, amarelo, branco, preto, verde, laranja
Factos divertidos
Endemic Species: The Madeira firecrest is found exclusively on the island of Madeira, making it a unique representative of the island's avifauna.
Tiny but Vocal: Despite its small size, this bird has a loud and distinctive song that can be heard throughout its forest habitat.
Energetic Forager: The Madeira firecrest is constantly on the move, searching for insects and spiders among the foliage.
Estado de conservação e esforços
The Madeira Firecrest (Regulus madeirensis) is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, due to its relatively stable population trend. Though it has a limited range, being endemic to the Madeira archipelago, the bird does not face immediate widespread threats. The primary threats to the Madeira Firecrest include habitat alteration from invasive plant species and predation by introduced mammals such as rats and cats. Conservation efforts for the Madeira Firecrest focus on habitat preservation and restoration. Active measures are taken to control and eradicate invasive species, thus protecting the native flora that forms the bird's habitat. Additionally, there are programs aimed at monitoring the population trends of the species to ensure that any potential threats are identified and managed promptly. Raising awareness among local communities about the importance of preserving this native species also plays a critical role in its conservation.
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