O papagaio-de-peito-roxo (Forpus conspicillatus) é endémico da América Central e do Sul, incluindo o norte e o centro da Colômbia, a Venezuela e o leste do Panamá (as subespécies podem ser encontradas em regiões específicas da Colômbia e da Venezuela, ver acima). Os habitats naturais são orlas de florestas de planície, matos espinhosos, lhanos, matas de galeria e antigas florestas ou matas de baixa densidade fortemente degradadas. Os papagaios-de-óculos não são encontrados em altitudes superiores a 1.600 metros (5.200 pés) acima do nível do mar. A coloração verde e azul ajuda os papagaios-de-óculos a camuflarem-se nas árvores tropicais dos seus habitats. Embora possam ocorrer em cativeiro mutações de cor, como a mutação amarela pied, elas são raras na natureza devido ao facto de uma cor mais brilhante comprometer a capacidade da ave de se esconder dos predadores.
Habitats e distribuição
The Spectacled Parrotlet inhabits a variety of forested environments, often found in subtropical or tropical dry forests, moist lowland forests, and moist montane forests. These small, vibrant birds are primarily found in Colombia and parts of adjacent northern Venezuela and Panama. They are frequently observed in secondary growth forests and woodland edges, indicating a degree of adaptability to altered or disturbed habitats. Their range stretches across the Andean foothills and adjacent lowlands, from the Magdalena Valley and Eastern Andes in Colombia extending eastward. The species tends to favor areas with abundant food sources provided by native fruiting trees and shrubs, which support their diet mainly composed of seeds, fruits, and occasionally insects.
Comportamentos e reprodução
Spectacled Parrotlets exhibit strong pair bonds and often engage in mutual preening and close physical contact, indicative of their monogamous mating habits. Typically, these birds are observed in small, cohesive flocks, although pairs will separate from the group during the breeding season to find optimal nesting sites, which are usually tree cavities or abandoned woodpecker holes. Courting involves the male performing a series of displays and vocalizations to attract the female, followed by copulation. Reproductive activity peaks in the early wet season when food resources are abundant, aiding in the nourishment of the growing chicks. The female lays between 4 to 6 eggs, which she incubates for approximately 18 to 20 days, relying on the male to provide food during this period. After hatching, both parents share the responsibility of feeding the chicks until they fledge at around 4 to 5 weeks of age. Spectacled Parrotlets demonstrate a high level of parental care and investment, ensuring the survival of their offspring in a competitive environment.
Dieta
Na natureza, o papagaio-de-óculos alimenta-se de sementes, nozes, folhas, bagas, cactos e outros frutos. Ocasionalmente, podem alimentar-se de pequenos insectos.
Cores
Os machos são maioritariamente verdes brilhantes com azul à volta dos olhos, das asas e da garupa. Fêmea toda verde sem azul.
Factos divertidos
Papagaio minúsculo com cauda curta. Estas aves dormem frequentemente de costas. Encontram-se normalmente em bandos, por vezes com uma centena ou mais, em florestas abertas ou em zonas agrícolas com arbustos nas planícies. Também foram observadas a lamber ou a comer barro. Estas lambidelas de argila constituem uma boa fonte de minerais, como o cálcio.
Estado de conservação e esforços
The Spectacled Parrotlet currently holds a conservation status of 'Least Concern' according to the IUCN Red List. Population trends are generally stable, though there are localized declines due to habitat loss and degradation. The primary threats to this small parrot include deforestation for agricultural expansion and the illegal pet trade, particularly in some parts of its range in Colombia and Venezuela. Conservation efforts focus on habitat preservation and legal protection. Various NGOs work towards safeguarding remaining forest habitats through protected areas and community-led conservation initiatives. Educational programs are also in place to reduce the demand for wild-caught individuals in the pet trade, promoting the protection of natural populations. While these measures have shown positive outcomes, continuous monitoring and habitat restoration remain crucial for ensuring the species' long-term viability.
