
The Scaled Dove (Columbina squammata) is a dove of generally discreet habits, that walks in couples or small groups by the edges of forests, savannahs, orchards, parks and other types of vegetation, excluding the very open or very closed. Its silence is only broken by the vocalization, which the bird only emits perched in well-hidden places, and by the noise produced by the wings when the bird takes flight, resembling a moan. Distinctive pale gray dove with black feather edges giving a scaly appearance. In flight has striking rufous flight feathers and a tricolored (black, gray, and white) tail. The song is an easily remembered continuous repetition of “pow-co-pow". Very common; found in open areas, forest edges, grasslands, and urban areas.
Habitats & Distribution
The Scaled Dove inhabits a variety of open and semi-open environments, including savannas, shrublands, agricultural fields, and urban areas. It often thrives in regions with sparse tree coverage but ample ground vegetation, which provides both nesting sites and food sources. The species demonstrates a preference for arid to semi-arid climates, typically avoiding densely forested or very wet areas. Geographically, the Scaled Dove is distributed across much of South America, predominantly found in countries like Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina. Its range extends into parts of Central America, reaching as far north as southern Mexico. This broad distribution demonstrates the dove's adaptability to a wide range of climates and habitats within its preferred environmental parameters.
Behaviours & Reproduction
Scaled Doves exhibit monogamous mating habits, forming long-term pair bonds that often last for multiple breeding seasons. Courtship involves the male performing a series of displays including bowing, cooing, and presenting nest materials to the female. Once paired, both sexes participate actively in nest building, using twigs and grasses to construct a modest platform nest usually located in low bushes or trees. The female typically lays two white eggs, and both parents share incubation duties over approximately 12 to 13 days. Socially, Scaled Doves are known to be relatively gentle and non-territorial, often seen foraging in small groups or pairs. They exhibit a strong pair bond even outside the breeding season, often staying close to their mate. A unique reproductive strategy of these doves includes multiple broods per year, capitalizing on favorable conditions to increase their chances of reproductive success. After hatching, both parents feed the chicks with "pigeon milk," a nutrient-rich secretion produced in their crops, ensuring rapid growth and a higher survival rate for the offspring.
Diet
It feeds on the ground, walking with its belly almost dragging on the ground. When scared, it flies sharply to nearby trees.
Colors
Distinctive pale gray dove with black feather edges giving a scaly appearance. In flight has striking rufous flight feathers and a tricolored (black, gray, and white) tail.
Fun Facts
It makes a nest of twigs in the shape of a cup, usually 1 or 2 meters high, sometimes also on the ground. Lay 2 white eggs.
Conservation Status & Efforts
The Scaled Dove (Columbina squammata) is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, largely due to its common presence and stable population trend across its range, which extends from northern Argentina to northern Brazil and includes parts of the Caribbean. Despite its stable population, the species faces localized threats primarily from habitat loss due to agricultural expansion, deforestation, and urbanization. However, these threats have not caused significant population declines on a global scale. Conservation measures for the Scaled Dove include habitat protection and management strategies that mitigate the impact of agricultural and urban development. International efforts, such as the establishment of protected areas within its habitat range, are crucial for maintaining its population stability. Moreover, local conservation initiatives often involve community engagement and education about sustainable land-use practices to help preserve the natural habitats where these doves thrive.