Le fourmilier fuligineux (Habia gutturalis) est une espèce d'oiseau de la famille des cardinaux (Cardinalidae) ; auparavant, il était placé avec les vrais tangaras dans la famille des Thraupidae. Il est endémique à la Colombie. Il mesure entre 19 et 20 cm de long. Ses habitats naturels sont les forêts subtropicales ou tropicales humides de plaine et les forêts secondaires. Il devient rare en raison de la perte de son habitat. Son habitat naturel est constitué de forêts tropicales humides, de lisières, de trouées et de forêts secondaires matures. Il préfère les habitats denses au bord des cours d'eau et des glissements de terrain dans les forêts étendues et ininterrompues.
Habitats et répartition
The Sooty Ant-Tanager inhabits humid lowland forests, primarily favoring dense undergrowth and forest edges. It can also be found in secondary growth and areas with abundant shrubbery. This bird is typically associated with the understory and is often observed near streams and other moist environments within the forest, where it readily blends into the shaded understory with its dark plumage. Geographically, the Sooty Ant-Tanager is found in northern Colombia, specifically in the Magdalena Valley region. Its range extends from the lowlands up to the foothills of the eastern Andes. Despite its relatively restricted distribution, the species adapts well to its specific habitat preferences, although deforestation and habitat fragmentation pose ongoing threats to its population.
Comportements et reproduction
The Sooty Ant-Tanager exhibits a monogamous mating system typical among many passerine birds. During the breeding season, pairs engage in coordinated displays and vocalizations to strengthen their bond and establish territory. Nesting is often a cooperative effort, with both parents involved in building the nest, typically situated in the undergrowth. The female predominantly incubates the eggs while the male remains vigilant, protecting the territory and occasionally bringing food to the female. Once the offspring hatch, both parents participate in feeding and caring for the chicks until they fledge. Socially, Sooty Ant-Tanagers tend to form small family groups or loose flocks outside the breeding season, often associating with mixed-species flocks. This can provide enhanced protection from predators and increased foraging efficiency, as they primarily feed on insects and fruit. Unique reproductive strategies include the timing of their breeding to coincide with periods of high food availability, ensuring ample resources for the growing chicks.
Régime alimentaire
Ils se nourrissent d'insectes, qui peuvent être plus gros que leur bec. Les fruits ne constituent qu'une petite partie de leur régime alimentaire.
Couleurs
Le mâle adulte est gris foncé avec une crête écarlate bien visible (pas toujours relevée) et une gorge rouge rosé. La femelle adulte est plus terne avec une gorge blanc rosé.
Faits amusants
Cet oiseau se trouve dans le nord-ouest de la Colombie, dans la haute vallée du Sínu, à l'extrémité nord des Andes occidentales, et à l'est le long de la base nord des Andes jusqu'à la moyenne vallée de la rivière Magdalena.
Statut de conservation et efforts
The Sooty Ant-Tanager (Habia gutturalis) is currently listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List, primarily due to habitat loss and fragmentation within its restricted range in Colombia. Population trends indicate a decline, driven by deforestation for agricultural expansion, logging, and human settlement. Habitat degradation is particularly alarming in tropical lowland forests where this species resides. Conservation efforts for the Sooty Ant-Tanager include the establishment and maintenance of protected areas such as national parks and nature reserves that overlap with its habitat. Additionally, environmental organizations are working on reforestation projects and promoting sustainable land-use practices to mitigate further habitat loss. Public awareness campaigns aim to highlight the species' plight and garner local support for conservation actions. Continued monitoring and research are essential to better understand population dynamics and implement effective strategies.
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