O Tanager-formiga (Habia gutturalis) é uma espécie de ave da família dos cardeais (Cardinalidae); antigamente, era colocado com os verdadeiros tanagers na família Thraupidae. É endémica da Colômbia. Mede 19-20 cm de comprimento. Os seus habitats naturais são florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de planície e florestas secundárias. Está a tornar-se raro devido à perda de habitat. O seu habitat natural são florestas tropicais húmidas, orlas, clareiras e florestas secundárias maduras. Prefere habitats densos à beira de riachos e deslizamentos de terra em florestas extensas e ininterruptas.
Habitats e distribuição
The Sooty Ant-Tanager inhabits humid lowland forests, primarily favoring dense undergrowth and forest edges. It can also be found in secondary growth and areas with abundant shrubbery. This bird is typically associated with the understory and is often observed near streams and other moist environments within the forest, where it readily blends into the shaded understory with its dark plumage. Geographically, the Sooty Ant-Tanager is found in northern Colombia, specifically in the Magdalena Valley region. Its range extends from the lowlands up to the foothills of the eastern Andes. Despite its relatively restricted distribution, the species adapts well to its specific habitat preferences, although deforestation and habitat fragmentation pose ongoing threats to its population.
Comportamentos e reprodução
The Sooty Ant-Tanager exhibits a monogamous mating system typical among many passerine birds. During the breeding season, pairs engage in coordinated displays and vocalizations to strengthen their bond and establish territory. Nesting is often a cooperative effort, with both parents involved in building the nest, typically situated in the undergrowth. The female predominantly incubates the eggs while the male remains vigilant, protecting the territory and occasionally bringing food to the female. Once the offspring hatch, both parents participate in feeding and caring for the chicks until they fledge. Socially, Sooty Ant-Tanagers tend to form small family groups or loose flocks outside the breeding season, often associating with mixed-species flocks. This can provide enhanced protection from predators and increased foraging efficiency, as they primarily feed on insects and fruit. Unique reproductive strategies include the timing of their breeding to coincide with periods of high food availability, ensuring ample resources for the growing chicks.
Dieta
Alimentam-se de insectos, que podem ser maiores do que o seu bico. Os frutos constituem uma parte menor da sua alimentação.
Cores
O macho adulto é cinzento-escuro, com uma crista escarlate bem visível (nem sempre levantada) e uma garganta vermelho-rosada. A fêmea adulta é mais baça, com a garganta branco-rosada.
Factos divertidos
Esta ave encontra-se no noroeste da Colômbia, ocorrendo no vale do Alto Sínu, no extremo norte dos Andes ocidentais, e a leste ao longo da base norte dos Andes até ao vale médio do rio Magdalena.
Estado de conservação e esforços
The Sooty Ant-Tanager (Habia gutturalis) is currently listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List, primarily due to habitat loss and fragmentation within its restricted range in Colombia. Population trends indicate a decline, driven by deforestation for agricultural expansion, logging, and human settlement. Habitat degradation is particularly alarming in tropical lowland forests where this species resides. Conservation efforts for the Sooty Ant-Tanager include the establishment and maintenance of protected areas such as national parks and nature reserves that overlap with its habitat. Additionally, environmental organizations are working on reforestation projects and promoting sustainable land-use practices to mitigate further habitat loss. Public awareness campaigns aim to highlight the species' plight and garner local support for conservation actions. Continued monitoring and research are essential to better understand population dynamics and implement effective strategies.
Galeria
